Basmati Rice Production and Research in Pakistan

Akhter, Muhammad; Haider, Zulqarnain

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38881-2_5

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Basmati rice is a unique among cultivated rice ecotypes and is primarily grown in a specific ecological zone known locally as the "Kallar tract" in Punjab, as well as in a few spots in Sindh and Baluchistan province of Pakistan, and in Indian Punjab. This special type of rice is crucial in terms of food security and is a valuable cash crop, generating more than 2 billion USD annually due to its premium grain quality and aromatic attributes (Akhter and Haider, 2020). Locally developed varieties, such as Super Basmati and Basmati 515, hold a prominent status and are widely cultivated in Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker-Assisted Development of an Extra-Long Grain and High Yielding Basmati Rice Line With Semi-Erect and Dense Panicles

Riaz

Raza

Khan

et al. 2023

Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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In the face of a rapidly swelling global population, demands to develop high yielding and climate-resilient rice varieties are at a peak. The productivity of traditional basmati cultivars is limiting due to their cultivation in a specific geographical region, requiring genetic modifications to make this premium rice more productive without compromising the quality attributes. Here, we developed a candidate basmati advance uniform line by combining marker-assisted selection with conventional breeding. A cross was made between Basmati 515 and IRBB 66 followed by the pedigree method up to F5, where a uniform recombinant inbred line was hybridized with PK 1121 Aromatic followed by three backcrosses and pedigree method up to BC3F5. Gene pyramiding for aroma, dense and erect panicles, grain length and width was achieved through four gene-linked markers (BADEX7-5, DEP1, GW8-indel and FMGS-7). The newly developed line was named “BLB 18-5001” predominately harbored the agronomic and quality characteristics of Basmati 515 along with panicle architecture and grain dimension traits from IRBB 66 and PK 1121 Aromatic, respectively. The BLB 18-5001 outperformed all parental genotypes in thousand-grain weight (28.5 g), grain yield (4.7 tons/hectare), average grain length (9.22 mm) and cooked grain length (19.5 mm). Field evaluation under natural field conditions across two consecutive growing seasons revealed superior agronomic and quality attributes of BLB 18-5001, suggesting an unprecedented genetic potential to meet the future varietal demands. In conclusion, the newly developed basmati line possesses superior attributes to approved rice cultivars along with semi-erect and dense panicles and could improve the limiting productivity of basmati rice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker-Assisted Development of an Extra-Long Grain and High Yielding Basmati Rice Line With Semi-Erect and Dense Panicles

Riaz

Raza

Khan

et al. 2023

Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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“…Super Basmati is a special variety of rice with extra-long, slender grain and is renowned across the world for its distinct aroma [ 7 ]. This variety since its inception in 1997 is still in the field due to its wider adaptability and currently covers about 40% share in Basmati rice area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of biochemical indices for brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) disease resistance in rice mutants and hybrids

Shamshad,

Rashid,

Hameed

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Brown spot caused by Bipolaris oryzae is a major damaging fungal disease of rice which can decrease the yield and value of produce due to grain discoloration. The objectives of the current study were to investigate and understand the biochemical indices of brown spot disease resistance in rice. A total of 108 genotypes (mutant and hybrid) along with Super Basmati and parent RICF-160 were evaluated against brown spot disease. The genotypes exhibiting resistant and susceptible responses to brown spot disease according to the IRRI standard disease rating scale were screened and selected. To study the biochemical response mechanism, forty five selected genotypes along with Super Basmati and RICF-160 were analyzed using the biochemical markers. The physiological and biochemical analysis provided valuable insights and confirmed the resistance of rice hybrids and mutants against brown spot disease. Positive correlations were observed among stress bio-markers and disease response. Rice genotypes i.e. Mu-AS-8, Mu-AS-19, Mu-AS-20 and Mu-AS-35 exhibited moderate resistant response while Hy-AS-92, Hy-AS-98, Hy-AS-99, Hy-AS-101, Hy-AS-102 and Hy-AS-107 showed resistant response to brown spot disease. Brown spot resistant rice genotypes had lesser values of malondialdehyde and total oxidant status and higher antioxidant activities i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, total phenolic content and lycopene. The selected resistant rice genotypes had resistance capacity against Bipolaris oryzae stress. In conclusion, identified resistant mutants i.e. Mu-AS-8, Mu-AS-19, Mu-AS-20 and Mu-AS-35 and hybrids i.e. Hy-AS-92, Hy-AS-98, Hy-AS-99, Hy-AS-101, Hy-AS-102 and Hy-AS-107 could be used in rice breeding program to achieve sustainable rice production by coping the emerging challenge of brown spot disease under variable climate conditions.

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“…With the world population projected to reach 8.9 billion by 2030, it will need to increase rice production by more than 40% to fulfil the dietary requirements. Rice varieties being grown in Pakistan, especially 'Basmati', are known worldwide for their flavour, aroma and non-sticky extra-long grain (Akhter and Haider 2020). Increased rice production therefore contributes to world hunger eradication, poverty alleviation, food security and economic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Casein Hydrolysate and 2,4-D on in Vitro Callogenesis and Subsequent Regeneration in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

2024

Trends Biotechnol Plant Sci

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Even after three decades of invention, plastid transformation has been very difficult especially for monocot crops. Difficulty in attaining, efficient in vitro regeneration is one of the many factors affecting plastid transformation. Hence, present study was planned to investigate the impact of 2,4-D and casein hydolysate on in vitro callogenesis and subsequent regeneration of different Pakistani rice cultivars. For this purpose, mature seeds of six Pakistani genotypes IR-6, KSK-133, KSK-434, KS-282, PK-386 and Super Basmati were used. Scutellum from mature rice seeds were incubated on MS medium augmented with 2,4-D (1-5mg/L) to study callogenesis and subsequent regeneration response. Maximum callus formation was obtained in variety IR-6 (2mg/L 2,4-D) and callus size was found increasing with increasing 2,4-D concentration. Later, synergistic effect of casein hydrolysate and 2,4-D was investigated in two steps. Firstly, effect of 2,4-D in combination with 6mg/L casein hydrolyste was observed. Maximum callogenesis was found in IR-6 at 2mg/L 2,4-D and 6mg/L casein hydrolysate. Secondly, effect of casein hydrolysate (4-8mg/L) with 2,4-D 2mg/L was examined and maximum callus formation was found in variety IR-6 (casein hydrolysate 4mg/L + 2,4-D 2mg/L). Then, calli were shifted to different combinations of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) i.e. NAA + Kinetin and IBA + BAP to optimize regeneration. Differential response of varieties was examined. Maximum regeneration was observed in PK-386 (2.5 plantlets/callus).

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Basmati Rice Production and Research in Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Marker-Assisted Development of an Extra-Long Grain and High Yielding Basmati Rice Line With Semi-Erect and Dense Panicles

Marker-Assisted Development of an Extra-Long Grain and High Yielding Basmati Rice Line With Semi-Erect and Dense Panicles

Identification of biochemical indices for brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) disease resistance in rice mutants and hybrids

Synergistic Effect of Casein Hydrolysate and 2,4-D on in Vitro Callogenesis and Subsequent Regeneration in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

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