Basmaci İsyani Ve Afgani̇stan (1918-1933)

Abstract

Although there are still discussions about the start and end dates, the Basmachi Rebellion, a popular freedom movement, was one of the factors that shaped the history of Central Asia between 1918-1933. The main purpose of this revolt was to end the Soviet rule and to establish an independent State. The destruction of Kokand autonomy by the Soviets encouraged the revolt. The political and economic environment of Central Asia at that time, combined with the hostility towards the Russians, the necessary ground for the development of the revolt emerged. The Basmachi movement, which was active in the region, changed direction after Enver Pasha's martyrdom in 1922, and with the end of the Russian Civil War, the advantage slipped into the Soviets side. Thereupon, Basmachis went to Afghanistan and continued their struggle from there. In Afghanistan, the Basmachi’s tried to continue the rebellion by crossing over to the Soviet side with the support they received from both the Afghan State and the Central Asian immigrants in the region. In addition to their superiority in military discipline and technology, the fact that the Soviets used the differences between the Basmachi’s very well. The Basmachi Rebellion continued with small incursions, but it was definitely lasted in 1935.