Basic Mouse Methods for Clinician Researchers

Lambert, Laurens J.; Muzumdar, Mandar Deepak; Rideout, William M.; Jacks, Tyler

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803077-6.00014-x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Laboratory mice provide ideal animal models for biomedical research and comparative medicine studies because they have many similarities to humans in terms of anatomy and physiology. The mouse and human genomes are about 85 percent the same and the principles of how genes are controlled are similar between the species, this makes the mouse an excellent system to model human physiology and pathophysiology [ 26 , 27 ]. Both Se excess and deficiency are associated with health risk in humans and mice [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Selenium on the Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Damage in Brain and Liver of Mice

et al. 2022

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Selenium is an essential trace element that maintains normal brain function, mainly due its antioxidant properties. Although the amount of Se in the body is tightly regulated by the liver, both an excess of and deficiency in Se can modulate the cellular redox status and affect the homeostasis of other essential elements for both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inorganic selenium excess on oxidative stress and iron homeostasis in brain and liver of laboratory BALB/c mice, which were supplemented with Na2SeO3 solution (0.2 mg and 0.4 mg Se/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. The content of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme catalase activity/gene expression were used as markers of oxidative damage and were evaluated by spectrophotometric assays. Selenium and iron concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Catalase gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and ΔΔCt methods. Our results showed that doses of 0.2 mg Se and 0.4 mg Se caused a relatively low accumulation of Se in the brain of mice; however, it induced a 10-fold increase in its accumulation in the liver and also increased iron accumulation in both tested organs. Both doses of Se increased the content of malondialdehyde as well as decreased catalase activity in the liver, while the 0.4 mg Se dose has also activated catalase gene expression. Brain of mice exposed to 0.2 mg Se showed reduced lipid peroxidation; however, the exposure to 0.4 mg of Se increased the catalase activity as well as gene expression. One may conclude that exposure to both doses of Se caused the accumulation of this micronutrient in mice brain and liver and have also provided a disrupting effect on the levels of iron. Both doses of Se have triggered oxidative liver damage. In the brain, the effect of Se was dose dependent, where −0.2 mg of Se provided antioxidant activity, which was observed through a decrease in lipid peroxidation. On the contrary, the 0.4 mg dose increased brain catalase activity as well as gene expression, which may have contributed to maintaining brain lipid peroxidation at the control level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Selenium on the Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Damage in Brain and Liver of Mice

et al. 2022

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“…There are no vital organs in this area except for the small intestine, as the small intestine poses low risk mainly due to its mobility. In contrast, the right quadrant contains much of the large bowel and upper abdomen, which is hazardous to inject because the liver, stomach, and spleen are situated here 18,28 . Administration of an intraperitoneal injection requires extra caution to avoid penetrating various organs within an abdominal cavity.…”

Section: Fig 3: Ral: Biceps Femoris Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 & 9. The lower left quadrant of the abdomen, is the appropriate site for the intraperitoneal injection 28 . The lower left quadrant of the abdomen, lateral to the midline, is chosen due to the lack of anatomically important structures.…”

Section: Fig 3: Ral: Biceps Femoris Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, an i.p. injection is preferred in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen due to the risk to viscera 28 . An oral gavage administration is oftenly used to mimic a common dosing route in humans 27 as most discovery programs are aim to design compounds for oral administration in humans; therefore, early evaluation is necessitated.…”

Section: And Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

IJPSR

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Preclinical drug or pharmaceutical research in mouse and rat species is inevitable in the scientific investigations of a chemical substance or lead entity. The administration routes are the experimental study design, and regulatory requirements may influence the study of humans' intended therapeutic/clinical route. Specific route selection in the investigation of test substances must be profoundly well-versed to the research scientists and approved by local ethics committee members. Every route has advantages and disadvantages in absorption, bioavailability, metabolism, and distribution of substances, which should be carefully considered while selecting a route. Routes of administration can be performed painlessly if proper heed is given to the restraint and holding of animals and using adequate technical skills by technical persons and research scientists. This review describes the principal and common routes used in early drug discovery programs and preclinical research, including guidelines for safe injection volumes, sites of administration, preparation of sites, advantages & disadvantages, limitations, handling and restraint techniques, vehicle selection, and formulation strategies. Conclusion: This can be concluded knowledge of available methods for administration and handling techniques and the disposition pattern as well as formulation strategies will aid the scientist in choosing the most suitable route for the compound to be investigated. INTRODUCTION:Scientific investigation of the test substance or lead molecule in rodents, particularly mouse and rat species, is indispensable in preclinical pharmaceutical research or biomedical research 1 . Test substance administration in rodents is one of the major methods for evaluating biological activity.

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“…25 The intraperitoneal route of dosing is also a frequently used method and provides good and rapid absorption of large volumes of substances. 26 Another route of administration is the intravenous route a good method for rapidly circulating highly concentrated or irritating substances. 27 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of nickel oxide nano and microparticles toxicity in rat liver: molecular, biochemical, and histopathological study

Adiguzel,

Karaboduk,

Apaydin

et al. 2023

Toxicology Research

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The unique properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles distinguish it from classical nickel compounds, increasing its use in agriculture, industry, and many industrial areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible toxicity of nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in the liver. For this purpose, Wistar rats were given nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles orally, intraperitoneally, and intravenously for 21 days. Liver organ weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S transferase), acetylcholinesterase activities, inflammation levels, apoptotic markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated comparatively. When the data obtained were examined in general, it was observed that nickel oxide nanoparticles caused more hepatotoxicity in liver tissue than nickel oxide in terms of oxidative stress parameters, apoptotic markers, inflammation indicators, and other parameters examined. The results suggest that toxicity induced by both nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles plays an important role in hepatocyte apoptosis.

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Basic Mouse Methods for Clinician Researchers

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Selenium on the Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Damage in Brain and Liver of Mice

Effect of Selenium on the Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Damage in Brain and Liver of Mice

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Comparison of nickel oxide nano and microparticles toxicity in rat liver: molecular, biochemical, and histopathological study

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