Basic mechanical and fatigue properties of rubber materials and components for railway vehicles: A literature survey

Kang, Wei; Liu, Jiefu; Xiong, Wei; You, Tianyu; Wang, Xinxin; Zeng, Kexin; Deng, Yingao; Guo, Zichao; Yuan, Ke

doi:10.1515/rams-2022-0054

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Exposure to ozone increases the crack growth rate, causing scission in the polymer chain by reacting with carbon-carbon double bonds [41]. The aging process of the belt is initiated on the surface of its back cover and expands from the middle to both edges [42]. Because of belt cycling, the oxidized thin film on the back cover's surface breaks and exposes the fresh rubber area, propagating the oxidative reaction [42].…”

Section: Sunlight Ozone Oxygen and Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aging process of the belt is initiated on the surface of its back cover and expands from the middle to both edges [42]. Because of belt cycling, the oxidized thin film on the back cover's surface breaks and exposes the fresh rubber area, propagating the oxidative reaction [42]. Exposure to oxygen decreases the threshold of mechanical fatigue crack growth, and the dissolved oxygen in rubber changes its elastomer structure over time, causing embrittlement and irreversibly shortening its fatigue life [41].…”

Section: Sunlight Ozone Oxygen and Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Belt Rotation in Pipe Conveyors: Failure Mode Analysis and Overlap Stability Assessment

et al. 2023

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Pipe conveyors provide sustainable solutions for environmentally sensitive or topographically complex powdered and bulk-solid handling processes; however, belt rotation is among the most critical failure modes of these equipment, influencing engineering, operational, and maintenance activities throughout the conveyors’ lifecycles. Position changes in the overlap are mechanical responses to uneven contact forces between the vulcanizing rubber belt and the idler rolls, owing to the highly nonlinear process of the belt folding from a trough to a tubular shape, and no method for quantifying the belt’s stability is currently available. In this study, we analyzed the failure mode of belt rotation and proposed a linearized model of an overlap stability index to evaluate the resilience of the overlap position through a case study of a short-flight curved pipe conveyor. Our proposal considers an interference model between the simulated torque of a curved flight in a pipe conveyor and the calculated torque of its equivalent straight flight by using kernel-smoothed density functions. It is adapted to incorporate adjustment factors for the filling degree based on simulations, the effect of the overlap in the forming force of the belt, the remaining useful life of the belt, and the coefficients of friction between the belt back cover and the idler rolls due to adhesion and hysteresis. An application was developed to calculate the belt’s rotational holding torque and rotary moment by processing real operational data, simulated contact forces, and the relevant equipment parameters. This analysis identified the reduced transverse bending stiffness and increased belt tension forces as the root causes for position changes with a loss of contact in the upper idler rolls of curved flights 10, 13, 15–16, and 17. The contributing factors included spots of augmented contact forces during the initial stages of the belt lifespan in curved flights 15–16, which presented unstable conditions due to increased opening forces, with an OSI of 0.8657. Furthermore, we proposed corrective and preventive action plans, an optimized replacement interval for the belt, and recommendations for design changes according to the relevant standards.

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Section: Sunlight Ozone Oxygen and Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sunlight Ozone Oxygen and Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belt Rotation in Pipe Conveyors: Failure Mode Analysis and Overlap Stability Assessment

et al. 2023

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“…Under normal working conditions, due to the deformation of the lining, the embedded water-stop at the deformation joint is usually in a state of uneven settlement or expansion. The service life of rubber is closely related to its stress and strain, composition, and environment [21,22]. Its waterproof principle mainly includes two aspects: seepage resistance and seepage flow path.…”

Section: Failure Mechanism Of Embedded Water-stopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Analysis and Optimization of Key Material Parameters of Embedded Water-Stop in Tunnels

Wang

Guan

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Leakage diseases frequently occur in mountain tunnels, and the lining joints are weak waterproof links. In order to solve the problems such as insufficient waterproof technology for existing tunnel joints, this paper relies on the scientific and technological project of the Hubei Provincial Department of Transportation to optimize the key parameters of the tunnel water-stop material and uses numerical simulation methods to analyze the impact of the hardness of the water-stop and the bond strength between the water-stop and concrete on its deformation and waterproof ability. Through the adhesion test, the optimization method of the bond strength between the water-stop and concrete is explored. The results show that: (1) the deformation stress of the water-stop will increase with the increase in hardness and reducing the hardness of the water-stop can improve its stress deformation state. Considering that low hardness increases the risk of damage and reduces the quality, it is recommended that the hardness be 55–60 (HA). (2) The adhesion between the water-stop and the concrete lining is the key to waterproofing the water-stop. Increasing the adhesion between the water-stop and the concrete is an effective optimization method. However, to prevent excessive deformation stress, it is necessary to optimize the geometric structure of the water-stop simultaneously. (3) Placing an epoxy–quartz sand coating on the surface of the water-stop can increase the adhesive force between the water-stop and the concrete. When the thickness of the epoxy layer is 2 mm, and the particle size of quartz sand is 26–40 mesh, the effect is best.

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“…In engineering, rubber materials are typically susceptible to service conditions, which results in the serious deterioration of their rubber properties, such as thermal-oxidative aging, radiation exposure, and chemical corrosion. Thermal aging has a considerable effect on many properties of rubber, such as the elongation of their fatigue characteristics [12], hardness [13], stiffness [14], and rupture [15]. Therefore, to ensure the safety of rubber parts in long-term service, the effect of rubber aging on these fatigue properties needs to be studied to avoid potential safety hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interval Prediction of Chloroprene Rubber Crack Propagation Characteristics Based on Thermal Accelerated Aging

et al. 2023

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Thermo-oxidative aging plays an important role in changing the properties of rubber materials; it significantly decreases the fatigue life of air spring bags and further causes safety hazards. However, due to the great uncertainty of rubber material properties, an effective interval prediction model has not been established considering the effect of aging on airbag rubber properties. To solve the problem, this study proposes an interval parameter correlation model that can more accurately describe rubber crack propagation characteristics by considering material uncertainty. Furthermore, an aging prediction model of the rubber crack propagation characteristic region is established based on the Arrhenius equation. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method are verified by comparing the test and prediction results under the temperature spectrum. The method can be used to determine the variations in the interval change of the fatigue crack propagation parameters during rubber aging and can guide fatigue reliability analyses of air spring bags.

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Basic mechanical and fatigue properties of rubber materials and components for railway vehicles: A literature survey

Cited by 6 publications

References 226 publications

Belt Rotation in Pipe Conveyors: Failure Mode Analysis and Overlap Stability Assessment

Belt Rotation in Pipe Conveyors: Failure Mode Analysis and Overlap Stability Assessment

Impact Analysis and Optimization of Key Material Parameters of Embedded Water-Stop in Tunnels

An Interval Prediction of Chloroprene Rubber Crack Propagation Characteristics Based on Thermal Accelerated Aging

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