Basic Mathematical Principles in Skin Permeation

Watkinson, Adam C.; Brain, K.R.

doi:10.1081/cus-120016396

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The slope of the linear portion of the plot was calculated as the flux (J) (μg/cm 2 h) from Fick's law of diffusion as described by Watkinson (2002) (16). The lag time (T lag ) was determined by extrapolating the linear portion of the cumulative amount of methoxyflavones permeated versuss time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal Permeation of Kaempferia parviflora Methoxyflavones from Isopropyl Myristate-Based Vehicles

et al. 2014

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Kaempferia parviflora (K. parviflora) rhizomes have long been used in traditional folk medicines and as general health-promoting agents. Several biological activities of K. parviflora, especially its antiinflammatory effect, are due to its major constituents, methoxyflavones. However, the oral bioavailability of these methoxyflavones has been shown to be low. The aim of this study was to investigate the permeation behaviors of K. parviflora methoxyflavones from isopropyl myristate (IPM)-based vehicles. We studied the effects of ethanol and propylene glycol (PG) as the hydrophilic, solvent-type vehicles as well as fatty acids as the permeation enhancers. A permeation experiment was performed in vitro, using side-by-side diffusion cells through the full thickness of pig ear skin. The solubility and permeation of methoxyflavones were able to be modified by choice and ratio of vehicles. The ethanol/IPM vehicle was shown to be more effective in enhancing the solubility and permeation of methoxyflavones when compared to the PG/IPM vehicle. Regarding an optimal balance between solubility or affinity to vehicle and skin to vehicle partition coefficient, the ethanol/IPM vehicle in the ratio of 1:9 maximized the flux. Among the investigated fatty acids, oleic acid showed the greatest enhancing effect on the permeation of methoxyflavones, indicating that saturated fatty acids are less effective than unsaturated fatty acids. Long chain fatty acids increased diffusion coefficient parameter and shortened the lag time. The number of carbon atoms and double bonds of fatty acids did not show direct relation to the profile of permeation of methoxyflavones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal Permeation of Kaempferia parviflora Methoxyflavones from Isopropyl Myristate-Based Vehicles

et al. 2014

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“…The penetration through the pilosebaceous units is dependent upon the property of the substance and type of preparation. a) Pharmacokinetic parameters Vehicle / corneous layer partition: For the purpose of the study of the mechanisms of transport and the functions of the skin barrier, it can be considered as a membrane or a cluster of membranes (mathematical principles can be applied) 19 . On the whole, transport through the horny layer is mainly a molecular passive diffusion.…”

Section: Stratum Corneum Barrier and Intradermal Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IJPSR

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It is the most important part of pharmaceutical dosage forms; transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) established itself as an integral part of novel drug delivery systems. On the application of Transdermal patches, the delivery of the drug across dermis gives the systemic effect. TDDS is costly alternative to conventional formulation. It is also important due to its unique advantage. Controlled absorption, more uniform plasma levels, improved bioavailability, reduced side effects, painless and simple application and flexibility of terminating drug administration by simply removing the patch from the skin are some of the potential advantages of transdermal drug delivery. Development of controlled release transdermal dosage form is a complex process involving extensive efforts. This review article describes the methods of preparation of different types of transdermal patches. In addition, the various methods of evaluation of transdermal dosage form and advance development in TDDS have also been reviewed.

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“…These may become larger and connect forming a net ("pore-way"). Various methods can induce this type of permeability increase : physical and chemical methods [10].…”

Section: Stratum Corneum Barrier and Intradermal Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%