No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Objective: The objectives of this study were to prepare and characterize a buccal mucoadhesive patch using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a mucoadhesive matrix, Eudragit S100 as a backing layer, and lidocaine HCl as a model drug.Methods: Lidocaine HCl buccal patches were prepared using double casting technique. Molecular interactions in the polymer matrices were studied using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry. Mechanical and mucoadhesive properties were measured using texture analyzer. In vitro permeation of lidocaine HCl from the patch was conducted using Franz diffusion cell.Results: Both of the free and lidocaine HCl patches were smooth and transparent, with good flexibility and strength. ATR-FTIR, DSC and X-ray diffractometry studies confirmed the interaction of PVA and PVP. Mechanical properties of matrices containing 60% PVP were significantly lower than those containing 20% PVP (*P<0.05). Mucoadhesive properties had a tendency to decrease with the concentration of PVP in the patch. The patch containing 60% PVP had significantly lower muco-adhesiveness than those containing 20% PVP (*P<0.05). In vitro permeation revealed that the pattern of lidocaine HCl permeation started with an initial fast permeation, followed by a slower permeation rate. The initial permeation fluxes follow the zero-order model of which rate was not affected by the PVP concentrations in the PVA/PVP matrix. Conclusion:Mucoadhesive buccal patches fabricated with PVA/PVP were successfully prepared. Incorporation of PVP in PVA/PVP matrix affected the strength of polymeric matrix and mucoadhesive property of patches.

No abstract

No abstract

Kaempferia parviflora (K. parviflora) rhizomes have long been used in traditional folk medicines and as general health-promoting agents. Several biological activities of K. parviflora, especially its antiinflammatory effect, are due to its major constituents, methoxyflavones. However, the oral bioavailability of these methoxyflavones has been shown to be low. The aim of this study was to investigate the permeation behaviors of K. parviflora methoxyflavones from isopropyl myristate (IPM)-based vehicles. We studied the effects of ethanol and propylene glycol (PG) as the hydrophilic, solvent-type vehicles as well as fatty acids as the permeation enhancers. A permeation experiment was performed in vitro, using side-by-side diffusion cells through the full thickness of pig ear skin. The solubility and permeation of methoxyflavones were able to be modified by choice and ratio of vehicles. The ethanol/IPM vehicle was shown to be more effective in enhancing the solubility and permeation of methoxyflavones when compared to the PG/IPM vehicle. Regarding an optimal balance between solubility or affinity to vehicle and skin to vehicle partition coefficient, the ethanol/IPM vehicle in the ratio of 1:9 maximized the flux. Among the investigated fatty acids, oleic acid showed the greatest enhancing effect on the permeation of methoxyflavones, indicating that saturated fatty acids are less effective than unsaturated fatty acids. Long chain fatty acids increased diffusion coefficient parameter and shortened the lag time. The number of carbon atoms and double bonds of fatty acids did not show direct relation to the profile of permeation of methoxyflavones.