Basic Column Strength

Beedle, L. S.; Tall, L.

doi:10.1061/jsdeag.0000539

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…An important additive correction to the estimated yield strength is necessary because the experimental and mill test report values are enhanced because the tests are not conducted at zero strain rate (Beedle 1960).…”

Section: Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of structural steel

Luecke¹,

McColskey²,

McCowan³

et al. 2005

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This report provides five types of mechanical properties for steels from the World Trade Center (WTC): elastic, room-temperature tensile, room-temperature high strain rate, impact, and elevated-temperature tensile. Specimens of 29 different steels representing the 12 identified strength levels in the building as built were characterized. Elastic properties include modulus, E, and Poisson's ratio, v, for temperatures up to 900 °C. The expression for E{T) for T < 723 °C is based on measurements of WTC perimeter column steels. Behavior for T > 723 °C is estimated from literature data. Room temperature tensile properties include yield and tensile strength and total elongation for samples of all grades of steel used in the towers.The report provides model stress-strain curves for each type of steel, estimated from the measured stressstrain curves, surv iving mill test reports, and historically expected values. With a few exceptions, the recovered steels, bolts, and welds met the specifications they were supplied to. In a few cases, the measured yield strengths of recovered steels were slightly lower than specified, probably because of a combination of mechanical damage, natural variability, and differences in testing methodology. Highstrain-rate properties for selected perimeter and core column steels include yield and tensile strength, total elongation and strain rate sensitivity for rates up to 400 s"'. Measured properties were consistent with literamre reports on other structural steels. Impact properties were evaluated with Charpy testing.Properties for perimeter and core column steels were consistent with other structural steels of the era. The impact toughness at room temperature of nearly all WTC steels tested exceeded 15 ft lbf at room temperamre. Elevated-temperature stress-strain curves were collected for selected perimeter and core column and truss steels. The report presents a methodology for estimating high-temperature stress-strain curves for the steels not characterized based on room-temperature behavior and behavior of other structural steels from the literature. The measured elevated-temperature stress-strain behavior of WTC steels is consistent with other structural steels from that era. For the truss steels, the report presents a complete constitutive law for creep deformation based on experimental measurements. For the steels not characterized, the report presents a methodology for estimating the creep deformation law.

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Section: Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of structural steel

Luecke¹,

McColskey²,

McCowan³

et al. 2005

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“…Amongst them, one from Huber [9] who already gave in 1956 a residual stress pattern of a W8x31 section after gag straightening about its weak axis. Residual stress distributions depending on the straightening procedure are also provided by Beedle & Tall in 1960 [10].…”

Section: Background On Residual Stress Patterns For Straightened Membersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beneficial Influence of the Roller‐straightening Process on the Bearing Capacity of Steel Columns

Saufnay¹,

Tibolt²,

Jaspart³

et al. 2022

ce papers

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The roller-straightening process is a steel cold production technique which consists of passing a steel element through a series of rolls that bend the member, what leads progressively to a reduction of the initial geometrical imperfections along its weak axis. In addition, this post-treatment process induces a continuous yielding of the steel member and thus may present a second interest which is the reduction of the compression residual stresses at flange tips. This modification of the residual stress pattern could lead to an increase of the carrying capacity of steel columns.Indeed, the capacity of columns in compression is evaluated through the European buckling curves reported in EN1993-1-1 in which the compression resistances are highly affected by the initial bow imperfections and residual stresses resulting from the rolling process.However, whilst all long products seem to be systematically straightened nowadays, EN1993-1-1 does not consider the potential beneficial effect of the roller-straightening process. In other words, it means that the current recommendations of EN1993-1-1 neglect the potential benefit of this process on the buckling capacity.In this context, a collaboration for a research study has been initiated between ArcelorMittal and the University of Liège to numerically estimate the residual stress patterns after the roller-straightening process of three relevant heavy H-shape profiles (HE 600 B, HE 500 M and HD 400 x 262) in HISTAR ® 460 and evaluate whether these new distributions could lead to a significant increase of the column bearing capacity.

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“…The magnitude and distribution of residual stresses in hot-rolled shapes (only membrane-type have been observed to be of significant magnitude (Gardner and Cruise, 2009) depend on the type of cross-section, rolling temperature, cooling conditions, straightening procedures and the material properties of the steel (Beedle and Tall, 1960) however, the effect of the steel strength is not as great as the effect of geometry (Tall, 1964). Hot-rolling is generally performed above the steel recrystallization temperature, structural shapes are produced by cooling of the material in its final shape, and residual stresses are primarily induced through uneven cooling.…”

Section: Hot-rolled Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a considerable number of measurements of residual stresses in hot-rolled shapes reported up to 1968 (e.g. Huber, 1956;Beedle and Tall, 1960) have shown that residual stresses in the web can be compressive as well as tensile, and the distribution in each flange has normally compressive values at the flange tips and tensile ones at the flange-web junction (Alpsten, 1968). Galambos and Ketter (1959).…”

Section: Bi-symmetric I and H-sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual stresses in steel members: a review of available analytical expressions

Abambres

Quach

2016

International Journal of Structural Integrity

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Purpose – Although the actual residual stress distribution in any structural steel member can be only obtained by experimental measurements, it is known to be a difficult, tedious and inefficient piece of work with limited accuracy. Thus, besides aiming at clarifying structural designers and researchers about the possible ways of modelling residual stresses when performing finite element analysis (FEA), the purpose of this paper is to provide an effective literature review of the longitudinal membrane residual stress analytical expressions for carbon steel non-heavy sections, covering a vast range of structural shapes (plates, I, H, L, T, cruciform, SHS, RHS and LSB) and fabrication processes (hot-rolling, welding and cold-forming). Design/methodology/approach – This is a literature review. Findings – Those residual stresses are those often required as input of numerical analyses, since the other types are approximately accounted for through the s-e curves of coupons cut from member walls. Practical implications – One of the most challenging aspects in FEA aimed to simulate the real behaviour of steel members, is the modelling of residual stresses. Originality/value – Besides aiming at clarifying structural designers and researchers about the possible ways of modelling residual stresses when performing FEA, this paper also provides an effective literature review of the longitudinal membrane residual stress analytical expressions for carbon steel non-heavy sections, covering a vast range of structural shapes (plates, I, H, L, T, cruciform, SHS, RHS and LSB) and fabrication processes (hot-rolling, welding and cold-forming).

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Basic Column Strength

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanical properties of structural steel

Mechanical properties of structural steel

The Beneficial Influence of the Roller‐straightening Process on the Bearing Capacity of Steel Columns

Residual stresses in steel members: a review of available analytical expressions

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