Baseline sensitivity of natural population and resistance risk of Peronophythora litchii to four novel QoI fungicides

Zhou, Yuxin; Chen, Lei; Hu, Jian; Liu, Pengfei; Meng, Qingyong; Li, Bin; Nai-guo, SI; Liu, Changling; Liu, Xili

doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0893-y

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The by‐products from litchi pericarps and seeds contain significant amounts of active compounds, which raises the need for further use and development of new products with added‐commercial value in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries 8 . Litchi downy blight, caused by Phytophthora litchii , is one of the major diseases of the litchi plant in southern China 9–11 . The original classification of Phytophthora litchii was Peronophythora , 12 but it is currently classified in the genus Phytophthora , based on the latest omics data 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although no fungicide-resistant Phytophthora litchii populations were detected in the field, QoI-and CAA-resistant mutants were obtained and reported in the laboratory. 10,11 It is worth noting that these fungicide-resistant Phytophthora litchii mutants showed low fitness cost. 10 Thus, the potential resistance risk of these registered active ingredients cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Litchi downy blight, caused by Phytophthora litchii, is one of the major diseases of the litchi plant in southern China. [9][10][11] The original classification of Phytophthora litchii was Peronophythora, 12 but it is currently classified in the genus Phytophthora, based on the latest omics data. 13 It can infect litchi leaf, flower, and mature fruit, and the infection can even extend to storage and transport during the postharvest stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of resistance risk and resistance‐related point mutations in Cyt b of QioI fungicide ametoctradin in Phytophthora litchii

Gao

Liu

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Litchi downy blight, caused by Phytophthora litchii, is one of the most important diseases of litchi. Ametoctradin, as the only QioI (quinone inside and outside inhibitor) fungicide, has been registered in China in 2019. However, the ametoctradin-resistance risk and molecular basis in Phytophthora litchii have not been reported. RESULTS: In this study, the sensitivity profile of 144 Phytophthora litchii strains to ametoctradin was determined, with a mean median effective concentration (EC 50 ) value of 0.1706 ± 0.091 ∼g mL −1 . Nine stable resistant Phytophthora litchii mutants [resistance factor (RF) > 400] were derived from sensitive isolates using fungicide adaption. The compound fitness index of three resistant-mutants (HN10-1-1, HN10-1-2 and HN10-2-1) was similar or higher than that of their parental isolates in vitro. All these ametoctradin-resistant mutants were sensitive to metalaxyl, dimethomorph, oxathiapiprolin and cyazofamid. Two point mutations, leading to the S33L and D228N changes in PlCyt b (cytochrome b) were found in ametoctradin-resistant mutants. Eight ametoctradin-resistant mutants containing S33L showed increased sensitivity to azoxystrobin and amisulbrom, and one mutant containing D228N exhibited increased sensitivity to cyazofamid. In vitro enzyme activity test showed that ametoctradin could not inhibit the activity of cytochrome bc1 complex with S33L and D228N point mutation. AS-PCR primers were designed based on the S33L change to detect the ametoctradin-resistant strains in the future.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Phytophthora litchii has a medium to high resistance risk to ametoctradin in the laboratory. Two changes, S33L and D228N, in PlCyt b are likely to be associated with the observed ametoctradin resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of resistance risk and resistance‐related point mutations in Cyt b of QioI fungicide ametoctradin in Phytophthora litchii

Gao

Liu

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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“…Benzene kresoxim‐methyl (BKM) (registration code: ZJ0712; chemical name 2‐[2‐(2,5‐dimehtyl phenoxy) methyl pheny1]‐3‐methoxy acrylic acid methyl ester) is a broad‐spectrum strobilurin fungicide developed in 2006 by Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry (Xu et al, 2006; Zhou et al, 2016). It was approved for a temporary registration for use and production in China in 2008, with formal registration being granted in 2015.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was approved for a temporary registration for use and production in China in 2008, with formal registration being granted in 2015. With more than 10 yr of evaluation and use in experiment fields, BKM has shown to be effective against various phytopathogenic fungi, including ascomycetes, oomycetes, and deuteromycetes (Zhou et al, 2016). This fungicide efficiently prevents powdery mildew in cucumbers, wheat, and apples; downy mildew in cucumbers and litchi; and anthracnose in watermelons and mangoes (Wang et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fate Characterization of Benzene Kresoxim‐Methyl (a Strobilurin Fungicide) in Different Aerobic Soils

et al. 2017

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Benzene kresoxim-methyl (BKM) is a promising broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide widely used to control fungal pathogens in crops. However, information on its environmental fate is limited. To broaden our understanding of this fungicide's kinetic fate in aerobic soils, we labeled BKM with C on its benzoate ring and used ultralow-level liquid scintillation counting coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Results show that degradation, mineralization, and bound residue (BR) formation of BKM was controlled by soil type and microbial community composition. Degradation of BKM followed first-order dynamics, and the half-lives () were 51.7, 30.8, and 26.8 d for clay, loamy, and saline soils, respectively. After 100 d, about 0.13, 4.35, and 5.94% of the initial C-BKM was mineralized, and 14.43, 19.90, and 28.81% was formed as BRs in the clay, loamy, and saline soils, respectively. About 60 to 85% of the C-BKM residue in soil was extractable; of this fraction, 30 to 50% was composed of incomplete degradation intermediates. Up to 40% of extractable C-BKM in soil was readily available. Our results suggest that BKM and its incomplete intermediates had a relatively long persistence in soil, which may lead to exposure for nontarget organisms. Soil microbes may play a dominant role in controlling the fate of BKM in soil as sterilization sharply decreased its mineralization rate from 4.35 to 0.03%, increased from 30.8 to 85.6 d, and decreased the BR fraction from 19.90 to 3.25%.

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Baseline sensitivity and control efficacy of a new QiI fungicide, florylpicoxamid, against Botrytis cinerea

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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Background: Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is an airborne plant pathogen with a necrotrophic lifestyle that infects more than 200 crops worldwide. Florylpicoxamid is a second-generation picolinamide fungicide inspired by a natural product. Florylpicoxamid targets the Qi site of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex and is currently being registered in China for the control of gray mold in a variety of crops. Although a broad spectrum of activity and attributes have been reported for florylpicoxamid, little is known about its effectiveness against gray mold or its protective and curative properties.Results: Florylpicoxamid exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against 12 tested species of plant-pathogenic fungi, with effective concentration for 50% growth inhibition (EC 50 ) values ranging from 0.017 to 2.096 ∼g ml −1 . A total of 129 isolates of B. cinerea from ten regions were tested for their sensitivity to florylpicoxamid, and the mean EC 50 value was 0.04 ± 0.017 ∼g ml −1 . Furthermore, florylpicoxamid was observed to substantially inhibit all developmental stages of B. cinerea, with mycelial development, sclerotium germination, germ tube elongation and conidial germination being restrained with an EC 50 value of 0.051 ± 0.0072, 0.012 ± 0.0069, 0.019 ± 0.0041 and 0.0062 ± 0.0007 ∼g ml −1 , respectively. No crossresistance was observed between florylpicoxamid and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), methyl benzimidazole carbamates or succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Florylpicoxamid also exhibited protective and curative activity against the development of B. cinerea infection in tests on tomato fruits. At application rates of 90, 112.5 and 135 g a.i. ha −1 , florylpicoxamid was also observed to provide more-effective control than boscalid (300 g a.i. ha −1 ). Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the novel fungicide florylpicoxamid exhibits strong inhibitory activity against B. cinerea, regardless of the resistance profiles of those isolates to tested fungicides with different modes of action. This makes florylpicoxamid a powerful new solution to optimize gray mold control and manage fungicide resistance.

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Baseline sensitivity of natural population and resistance risk of Peronophythora litchii to four novel QoI fungicides

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of resistance risk and resistance‐related point mutations in Cyt b of QioI fungicide ametoctradin in Phytophthora litchii

Analysis of resistance risk and resistance‐related point mutations in Cyt b of QioI fungicide ametoctradin in Phytophthora litchii

Fate Characterization of Benzene Kresoxim‐Methyl (a Strobilurin Fungicide) in Different Aerobic Soils

Baseline sensitivity and control efficacy of a new QiI fungicide, florylpicoxamid, against Botrytis cinerea

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