Baseline iron status of apparently healthy children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Jeremiah, Zaccheaus Awortu; Buseri, Fiekumo Igbida; Uko, Emmanuel Kufre; Adias, Teddy Charles

doi:10.4314/phmedj.v2i2.38914

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…• Iron depletion -serum ferritin (SF) 15 -<20ng/dL 19 • Iron deficiency -2 or more of the following: MCV <70fl, transferrin saturation (Ts) <10% or serum ferritin (SF) <15ng/dL. 19,20 • Iron deficiency anaemia -hemoglobin <11.0 g/dl1 plus 2 or more of the following: MCV <70fl, transferrin saturation (Ts) <10% or serum ferritin (SF) <15ng/ dL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron deficiency anaemia among apparently healthy pre-school children in Lagos, Nigeria

2016

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Background: Iron deficiency, and specifically iron deficiency anaemia, remains one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies in the world today. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors for iron deficiency anaemia among pre-school children in Lagos. Methodology: The study was conducted from December 2009 to February 2010 at the outpatient clinics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin were assayed in subjects. The primary outcome measured was iron deficiency anaemia established based on the following criteria: hemoglobin <11.0 g/dl1 plus 2 or more of the following: MCV <70fl, transferrin saturation <10% or serum ferritin <15ng/ dL. Statistical analysis included Pearson Chi square analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 87 apparently healthy subjects were recruited. Only one subject had iron depletion and this child belonged to the ≤ 2 years age category. None of the recruited subjects had iron deficiency without anaemia. Nine of the study subjects (10.11%) had iron deficiency anaemia. The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was significantly higher among younger age group than in the older age group (19.1% Vs 2.1%, p = 0.022). The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was significantly higher among subjects with weight-for-age, and weight-for-height Z scores below two standard scores (83.3% and 75.0% respectively, p = <0.001 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion:The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among study subjects was 10.11%. Iron deficiency anaemia was more common in children aged two years and below. Weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z scores below minus two standard scores were strongly associated with iron deficiency anaemia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 • Iron deficiency anaemia -hemoglobin <11.0 g/dl1 plus 2 or more of the following: MCV <70fl, transferrin saturation (Ts) <10% or serum ferritin (SF) <15ng/ dL. 19,20 The prevalence of Iron deficiency anaemia was the primary outcome.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency anaemia among apparently healthy pre-school children in Lagos, Nigeria

2016

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“…According to report by World Health Organization (WHO), IDA is the result of a wide variety of causes that often coexist together with other micronutrient deficiencies (Tefferi, 2003; Hallberg, 2001; WHO, 2001; Krishnamoorthy et al., 2010). Although iron deficiency is the major contributor to IDA as formally reported by WHO, deficiencies of other essential micronutrients such as vitamin C, folic acid and vitamin B 12 (Hallberg, 2001; WHO, 2001; Jeremiah et al., 2007; Krishnamoorthy et al., 2010; Onimawo et al., 2010; Akodu et al., 2016) and to some extent infectious diseases such as malaria, tapeworm infestation and schistosomiasis (Anumudu et al., 2008) as well as socioeconomic factors such as maternal education, gender norms, and low income have been thought to be associated with IDA (Mahmud et al., 2013). In Nigeria, prevalence of anemia among schoolchildren ranges from 62% to 82.5% of which IDA accounts for 50% (Jeremiah et al., 2007; Anumudu et al., 2008; Niki et al., 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although iron deficiency is the major contributor to IDA as formally reported by WHO, deficiencies of other essential micronutrients such as vitamin C, folic acid and vitamin B 12 (Hallberg, 2001; WHO, 2001; Jeremiah et al., 2007; Krishnamoorthy et al., 2010; Onimawo et al., 2010; Akodu et al., 2016) and to some extent infectious diseases such as malaria, tapeworm infestation and schistosomiasis (Anumudu et al., 2008) as well as socioeconomic factors such as maternal education, gender norms, and low income have been thought to be associated with IDA (Mahmud et al., 2013). In Nigeria, prevalence of anemia among schoolchildren ranges from 62% to 82.5% of which IDA accounts for 50% (Jeremiah et al., 2007; Anumudu et al., 2008; Niki et al., 2008). Therefore, iron deficiency in human cells especially in the red blood cells, which account for 30% of the estimated cells in human, can lead to membrane damage associated with free radicals generation (Weiss, 1980; Van-Der-Zee et al., 1987; Ven-Den-Berg et al., 1992; Niki et al., 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In IDA and ID conditions, the enzymatic mechanisms of free radical scavenging system are functionally diminishing (Altun et al., 2014; Zaka-ur-Rab et al., 2016). Studies on status of oxidative stress markers in IDA subjects have been extensively reported (Macdougall, 1972; Weiss, 1980; Van-Der-Zee et al., 1987; Acharya et al., 1991; Ven-Den-Berg et al., 1992; Moxness et al., 1996; Tekin et al., 2001; Isler et al., 2002; Kavakli et al., 2004; Jeremiah et al., 2007; Anumudu et al., 2008; Nagababu et al., 2008; Niki et al., 2008; Asare et al., 2009; Krishnamoorthy et al., 2010; Takami and Sakaida, 2011; Samhan-Arias et al., 2011; Bay et al., 2013; Mahmud et al., 2013; Altun et al., 2014; Zaka-ur-Rab et al., 2016; Shinto et al., 2018). However, data on oxidative stress markers in IDA or ID among schoolchildren appears to be limited and more often than not contradictory (Macdougall, 1972; Acharya et al., 1991; Tekin et al., 2001; Isler et al., 2002; Kavakli et al., 2004; Krishnamoorthy et al., 2010; Bay et al., 2013; Altun et al., 2014; Zaka-ur-Rab et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels/activities in schoolchildren with iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia of Kashere and its environs in Gombe State, Nigeria

Usman

Dahiru

Abdullahi

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Background Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) or iron deficiency (ID) is by far the most common form of disorder affecting the cognitive development, physical growth and school performance of children in developing countries including Nigeria. Objectives In the present study, we aimed to examine whether IDA or ID, or both are associated with oxidative stress or otherwise by assessing the perturbations in oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Methods Here, a total of eighty-one IDA, ID, and healthy control subjects of twenty-seven replicates each, were recruited and investigated. Human serum MDA, CAT and SOD levels were quantitatively analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Results Mean serum MDA levels of IDA (5.10 ± 2.35 mmol/L) and ID (4.05 ± 1.35 mmol/L) groups were found to perturb significantly ( p < 0.05), being higher than those of control (3.30 ± 0.95 mmol/L) subjects. Similarly, mean serum MDA levels of IDA (5.10 ± 2.35 mmol/L) group was found to be significantly ( p < 0.05) higher when compared with ID (4.05 ± 1.35 mmol/L) subjects. Conversely, mean serum CAT and SOD activities of IDA (8.35 ± 2.21 ng/mL and 340.70 ± 153.65 ng/mL) group were found to differ significantly ( p < 0.05), and those of ID (9.40 ± 1.47 ng/mL and 435.00 ± 144.75 ng/mL) subjects were found to perturb slightly ( p > 0.05), being lower than those of control (10.40 ± 4.31 ng/mL and 482.12 ± 258.37 ng/mL) subjects. Conclusions Taken together, the results of the present study showed that lipid peroxidation was dramatically increased in both IDA and ID subjects in hydroperoxide-superoxide-dependent manner; in contrast, enzymatic antioxidant capacity was drastically decreased in both IDA and ID groups as evidenced by biochemical markers.

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Implication of asymptomatic and clinical Plasmodium falciparum infections on biomarkers of iron status among school-aged children in Malawi

Ntenda

Chirambo

Nkoka

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background Iron status is considered as a continuum from an iron deficiency with anaemia, without anaemia, varying amounts of stored iron to iron overload. The burden of Plasmodium falciparum infections is typically high among school-aged children (SAC). Nonetheless, SAC are often less likely to be covered by malaria interventions, making them a group with an untreated reservoir of parasite transmission. This study aimed to assess the effects of asymptomatic and clinical malaria infections on biochemical markers of iron status among SAC in Malawi. Methods Data from the 2015–2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey (MNS) was used and multivariable logistic regression models using a generalized estimating equation to account for the complex cluster survey design were constructed. Blood samples of 684 children aged 5 to 14 years old were evaluated for clinical and asymptomatic malaria infections. Furthermore, blood samples were used to estimate haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and, soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR) concentrations. Results Of the 684 SAC analysed, approximately 42% had asymptomatic malaria, while 41.0% had clinical malaria. Anaemia (low Hb levels), iron deficiency (low SF concentration), and functional iron deficiency (high sTfR levels) were found in 20%, 5%, and 30% of the children, respectively. School-aged children with asymptomatic malaria had increased odds of being anaemic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.29–5.99) and increased levels of sTfR (aOR: 3.00, 95% CI 2.01–4.47). Similarly, SAC with clinical malaria had increased odds of being anaemic (aOR: 3.54, 95% CI 2.19–5.72) and increased levels of sTfR (aOR: 3.02, 95% CI 2.02–4.52). Conclusions Both asymptomatic and clinical malaria were independent risk factors for anaemia and functional iron deficiency (FID). The notion that asymptomatic and clinical malaria were associated with both anaemia and FID underscores the need for public health programmers to consider adding mass screening and treatment for malaria to existing school-based health programmes.

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Baseline iron status of apparently healthy children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Iron deficiency anaemia among apparently healthy pre-school children in Lagos, Nigeria

Iron deficiency anaemia among apparently healthy pre-school children in Lagos, Nigeria

Status of malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels/activities in schoolchildren with iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia of Kashere and its environs in Gombe State, Nigeria

Implication of asymptomatic and clinical Plasmodium falciparum infections on biomarkers of iron status among school-aged children in Malawi

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