Baseline Correlates of Insulin Resistance in Inner City High‐BMI African‐American Children

Raman, Aarthi; Fitch, Mark; Hudes, Mark; Lustig, Robert H.; Murray, Carolyn B.; Ikeda, Joanne P.; Fleming, Sharon E.

doi:10.1038/oby.2008.329

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similar findings have been reported by other authors, who indicate a relationship to exist between the suffering of infantile obesity and the presence of IR [11,12,31,36,47,53]. In a number of studies performed with children, it has been reported that both HOMA values and fasting insulin concentrations are positively associated with total body fat and waist circumference [31,42,50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Although some studies have suggested that fat distribution may be related to the development of IR (given that many children with central obesity suffer this metabolic disorder), it has been suggested that overall adiposity may be a better marker of the problem [12,17,23,33,35,47]. However, the results of the present work show that although BMI and waist circumference were the best anthropometric parameters related to the HOMA value (Table 3), only the waist circumference (which is a powerful marker of abdominal fat accumulation and visceral adiposity in children [6,14,37,58]) was significantly associated to this index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Preliminary data on the association between waist circumference and insulin resistance in children without a previous diagnosis

et al. 2010

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The aim of the present work was to study the association between different anthropometric parameters and insulin resistance (IR) in Spanish schoolchildren without a previous diagnosis. A total of 443 Spanish schoolchildren (9-11 years of age) were studied in this cross-sectional study. The anthropometric measurements collected were weight, height, body circumferences and skinfolds. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, percentage body fat and fat-free body mass were determined. Overnight-fasted blood lipids, insulin and glucose levels were analysed, and estimation of IR, taking into account the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), was calculated. The children with IR had higher serum triglycerides and insulin levels, were heavier and taller, and had a higher BMI, a larger waist circumference, a larger hip circumference, a larger waist/hip ratio and thicker bicipital and tricipital skinfolds than those who did not have IR. Age, sex, BMI and waist circumference explained 32.0% of the variance in the HOMA values; only sex, triglycerides and waist circumference independently influenced this variable. A 1-cm increase in waist circumference was associated with approximately a 3.8% increase in the mean HOMA value. The children with a waist circumference of over the p90 for their age and sex were at greater risk of showing IR as measured by the HOMA: odds ratio = 6.94 (2.01-23.91; P < 0.001). In conclusion, according to these results, waist circumference is the best anthropometric parameter associated with IR in children, and those with a waist circumference of over the p90 for their age and sex would appear to be at particular risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preliminary data on the association between waist circumference and insulin resistance in children without a previous diagnosis

et al. 2010

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“…It is increasingly recognized that obesity is the main risk factor of HFD-induced insulin resistance (45,51). The present study showed that body weight growth was slower in VDDϩHFD group than in HFD group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Vitamin D Deficiency Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperinsulinemia and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Male Mice

et al. 2015

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It is increasingly recognized that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risks of metabolic disorders among overweight children. A recent study showed that vitamin D deficiency exacerbated inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through activating toll-like receptor 4 in a high-fat diet (HFD) rat model. The present study aimed to further investigate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on HFD-induced insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation. Male ICR mice (35 d old) were randomly assigned into 4 groups as follows. In control diet and vitamin D deficiency diet (VDD) groups, mice were fed with purified diets. In HFD and VDD+HFD groups, mice were fed with HFD. In VDD and VDD+HFD groups, vitamin D in feed was depleted. Feeding mice with vitamin D deficiency diet did not induce obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation. By contrary, vitamin D deficiency markedly alleviated HFD-induced overweight, hyperinsulinemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency significantly attenuated HFD-induced up-regulation of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which promoted hepatic lipid uptake and lipid droplet formation, and its target gene cluster of differentiation 36. In addition, vitamin D deficiency up-regulated carnitine palmitoyltrans 2, the key enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, and uncoupling protein 3, which separated oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production, in adipose tissue. These data suggest that vitamin D deficiency is not a direct risk factor for obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation. Vitamin D deficiency alleviates HFD-induced overweight, hyperinsulinemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation through promoting fatty acid β-oxidation and elevating energy expenditure in adipose tissue.

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“…In contrast, anthropometry has been reported as an important tool for both clinical practice and population studies, including the identification and prediction of metabolic risk (5)(6)(7)(8)(9) . In the context of epidemiological studies, several have reported gender differences for percentage body fat (10) , waist circumference (WC) (11) , insulin resistance (by homeostatic model assessment, HOMA-IR) (10) and MetS (12) in children. Moreover, gender differences have also been reported following an intervention programme designed to control insulin resistance (13) and after a follow-up of 6?6 years for trends of MetS in children (14) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometry and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in children

Andaki

Tinôco

Mendes

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of anthropometric measures and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. Design: Cross-sectional study with children from public and private schools. Children underwent an anthropometric assessment, blood pressure measurement and biochemical evaluation of serum for determination of TAG, HDL-cholesterol and glucose. Physical activity level was calculated and number of steps per day obtained using a pedometer for seven consecutive days. Setting: Viçosa, south-eastern Brazil. Subjects: Boys and girls (n 187), mean age 9?90 (SD 0?7) years. Results: Conicity index, sum of four skinfolds, physical activity level and number of steps per day were accurate in predicting MetS in boys. Anthropometric indicators were accurate in predicting MetS for girls, specifically BMI, waist circumference measured at the narrowest point and at the level of the umbilicus, four skinfold thickness measures evaluated separately, the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, the sum of four skinfolds and body fat percentage. Conclusions: The sum of four skinfolds was the most accurate method in predicting MetS in both genders.

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Baseline Correlates of Insulin Resistance in Inner City High‐BMI African‐American Children

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Preliminary data on the association between waist circumference and insulin resistance in children without a previous diagnosis

Preliminary data on the association between waist circumference and insulin resistance in children without a previous diagnosis

Vitamin D Deficiency Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperinsulinemia and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Male Mice

Anthropometry and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in children

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