Baseline assessment of community knowledge and attitudes toward drug use and harm reduction in Kabul, Afghanistan

Stanekzai, Mohammad Raza; Todd, Catherine S.; Orr, Mark; Bayan, Shairshah; Rasuli, M Zafar; Wardak, Saifur-Rehman; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00352.x

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A study by Osis et al (1993) found a higher use of services by the inhabitants of the interior cities (medical appointments) which may be associated with differences in the access to care [20]. Therefore, for our study, residing in interior cities could result in less competition for the performance of the outpatient procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Duration of temporary catheter use for hemodialysis: an observational, prospective evaluation of renal units in Brazil

et al. 2011

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BackgroundFor chronic hemodialysis, the ideal permanent vascular access is the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Temporary catheters should be reserved for acute dialysis needs. The AVF is associated with lower infection rates, better clinical results, and a higher quality of life and survival when compared to temporary catheters. In Brazil, the proportion of patients with temporary catheters for more than 3 months from the beginning of therapy is used as an evaluation of the quality of renal units. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors associated with the time between the beginning of hemodialysis with temporary catheters and the placement of the first arteriovenous fistula in Brazil.MethodsThis is an observational, prospective non-concurrent study using national administrative registries of all patients financed by the public health system who began renal replacement therapy (RRT) between 2000 and 2004 in Brazil. Incident patients were eligible who had hemodialysis for the first time. Patients were excluded who: had hemodialysis reportedly started after the date of death (inconsistent database); were younger than 18 years old; had HIV; had no record of the first dialysis unit; and were dialyzed in units with less than twenty patients. To evaluate individual and renal unit factors associated with the event of interest, the frailty model was used (N = 55,589).ResultsAmong the 23,824 patients (42.9%) who underwent fistula placement in the period of the study, 18.2% maintained the temporary catheter for more than three months until the fistula creation. The analysis identified five statistically significant factors associated with longer time until first fistula: higher age (Hazard-risk - HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99-1.00); having hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.9-0.98) as the cause of chronic renal disease; residing in capitals cities (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.9-0.95) and certain regions in Brazil - South (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.8-0.87), Midwest (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94), Northeast (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.88-0.94), or North (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94) and the type of renal unit (public or private).ConclusionMonitoring the provision of arteriovenous fistulas in renal units could improve the care given to patients with end stage renal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Duration of temporary catheter use for hemodialysis: an observational, prospective evaluation of renal units in Brazil

et al. 2011

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“…Statements with less than 20% of participants differing from the majority were considered to have consensus. Consistent with the baseline analysis, the 80% mark was selected to highlight the most controversial positions (13,15,16). For statements demonstrating > 10% change in consensus, sociodemographic and experiential (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eligibility criteria and recruitment of participants was described in the report of the baseline assessment in 2007 (13). A cross-sectional convenience sample of community representatives was recruited.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questionnaire instrument used for the baseline and follow-up data collection has been described previously (13). Briefly, this instrument collected information regarding attitudes toward drug use and appropriate treatment and also assessed knowledge of current drug laws and availability of treatment.…”

Section: Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a 2006 qualitative assessment of people who inject drugs in Kabul, many participants reported open condemnation by various community members and a sense of isolation and fear that coloured all interactions with the community at large (12). In 2007, we assessed community attitudes and knowledge about people who inject drugs (13). The findings highlighted some contradictory views; participants believed that drug use was motivated by criminal activity or moral weakness but they also agreed with statements indicating that drug addiction was a disease and indicated that they would be willing to participate in a programme to help drug users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Change in attitudes and knowledge of problem drug use and harm reduction among a community cohort in Kabul, Afghanistan

Todd

Stanekzai

Nasir

et al. 2016

East Mediterr Health J

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This pre-post evaluation aimed to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes towards drug users among community representatives in Kabul, Afghanistan, over a period of expansion of harm reduction and drug dependence programming. A convenience sample of 160 professionals aged 18+ years completed interview questionnaires in 2007 and 2009. Views endorsing programme quality and the provision of condoms, infection counselling/testing and needle/syringe distribution increased significantly over the 2-year period. In 13 of 38 statements, there was a substantial (> 10%) change in agreement level, most commonly among men and medical professionals. Attitudes concerning support of drug users remained largely positive, with substantial attitude changes in some subgroups of the population. Further community education through the media and a more cohesive government drug policy may be needed to strengthen community support for harm reduction/drug treatment in Afghanistan. Dans 13 des 38 déclarations, on a pu noter un changement notable (>10 %) dans le niveau d'acceptation, le plus souvent parmi les hommes et les professionnels de santé. Les attitudes concernant le soutien à apporter aux toxicomanes sont restées positives dans une large mesure, avec des changements d'attitude notables dans certains sous-groupes de la population. Une éducation plus poussée des communautés par le biais des médias et des politiques gouvernementales de lutte contre la drogue plus cohérentes sont nécessaires pour renforcer le soutien communautaire à la réduction des effets nocifs/au traitement des toxicomanies en Afghanistan. ‫الفئات‬ ‫ـدى‬ ‫إحـ‬

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Multidisciplinary argument for the decriminalization of drugs

Gibson,

Patterson,

Naples

et al. 2023

J Addict Offender Couns

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This manuscript offers an overview of 11 disciplinary perspectives on the failed and destructive War on Drugs and the salutary prospects from decriminalizing drug use, including History, African American studies, Journalism, Sociology, Political Science, Cost Accounting, Urban Education, Counseling, Psychology, Nursing, and Public Health. This offers a roadmap for counselor social and political advocacy with drug policy and highlights community collaboration opportunities.

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Baseline assessment of community knowledge and attitudes toward drug use and harm reduction in Kabul, Afghanistan

Abstract: Community acknowledgement of problem drug use and support for addiction treatment are present in Kabul, Afghanistan. However, knowledge gaps concerning drug laws and harm reduction should be addressed in efforts to introduce culturally appropriate harm reduction programming.

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Duration of temporary catheter use for hemodialysis: an observational, prospective evaluation of renal units in Brazil

Duration of temporary catheter use for hemodialysis: an observational, prospective evaluation of renal units in Brazil

Change in attitudes and knowledge of problem drug use and harm reduction among a community cohort in Kabul, Afghanistan

Multidisciplinary argument for the decriminalization of drugs

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