Baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid concentrations are not repeatable but covary within individual great tits (Parus major)

Baugh, Alexander T.; Oers, Kees van; Dingemanse, Niels Jeroen; Hau, Michaela

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.08.014

Cited by 65 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Proactivity has been shown to be repeatable over time (reviewed by Réale et al., 2007) and there are consistent individual differences in parental behavior (Budaev, Zworykin, & Mochek, 1999; Fairbanks, 1996; Maestripieri, 1993; Schwagmeyer & Mock, 2003), affiliative behavior (Seyfarth, Silk, & Cheney, 2012; Webb, Franks, Romero, Higgins, & de Waal, 2014), and alloparental behavior in cooperative breeders (Carter, English, & Clutton‐Brock, 2014; English, Nakagawa, & Clutton‐Brock, 2010). Furthermore, individual differences in measures of HPA‐axis activity exist (Baugh, van Oers, Dingemanse, & Hau, 2014; Ellis, Jackson, & Boyce, 2006; Fletcher, Dantzer, & Boonstra, 2015) and has been observed to co‐vary with different behavioral types (Carere et al., 2010; Cockrem, 2007; Koolhaas et al., 1999; Korte, Koolhaas, Wingfield, & McEwen, 2005). In this review, we focus on the potential for these individual differences in HPA‐axis activity to cause the individual variation across the range of social behaviors (Figure 1), though we recognize that much of this work is correlative.…”

Section: Diversity Of Social Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between glucocorticoids and sociality across a continuum of vertebrate social behavior

Raulo

Dantzer

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The causes and consequences of individual differences in animal behavior and stress physiology are increasingly studied in wild animals, yet the possibility that stress physiology underlies individual variation in social behavior has received less attention. In this review, we bring together these study areas and focus on understanding how the activity of the vertebrate neuroendocrine stress axis (HPA‐axis) may underlie individual differences in social behavior in wild animals. We first describe a continuum of vertebrate social behaviors spanning from initial social tendencies (proactive behavior) to social behavior occurring in reproductive contexts (parental care, sexual pair‐bonding) and lastly to social behavior occurring in nonreproductive contexts (nonsexual bonding, group‐level cooperation). We then perform a qualitative review of existing literature to address the correlative and causal association between measures of HPA‐axis activity (glucocorticoid levels or GCs) and each of these types of social behavior. As expected, elevated HPA‐axis activity can inhibit social behavior associated with initial social tendencies (approaching conspecifics) and reproduction. However, elevated HPA‐axis activity may also enhance more elaborate social behavior outside of reproductive contexts, such as alloparental care behavior. In addition, the effect of GCs on social behavior can depend upon the sociality of the stressor (cause of increase in GCs) and the severity of stress (extent of increase in GCs). Our review shows that the while the associations between stress responses and sociality are diverse, the role of HPA‐axis activity behind social behavior may shift toward more facilitating and less inhibiting in more social species, providing insight into how stress physiology and social systems may co‐evolve.

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Section: Diversity Of Social Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between glucocorticoids and sociality across a continuum of vertebrate social behavior

Raulo

Dantzer

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Between individual variation in a trait is generated by differential exposure to relatively stable environmental factors, such as mothering styles (see for instance Liu et al, 1997;Francis and Meaney, 1999;Caldji et al, 2000), or by heritable differences between individuals (Dingemanse et al, 2010b;Forsman, 2015;Westneat et al, 2015). Individual trait repeatability, defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by consistent between individual differences, indicates whether a trait can evolve through selection in principle (Dingemanse and Dochtermann, 2013;Baugh et al, 2014): traits with high repeatability-that is high relative between individual variation-can potentially be selected for if between individual variation is generated by genetic differences. Thus, measures of repeatability indicate an upper level of heritability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, a strand of research in the field of evolutionary ecology focuses on examining levels of repeatability of labile traits, such as behavior or hormonal profiles (Nussey et al, 2007;Baugh et al, 2014;Westneat et al, 2015;Villegas-Ríos et al, 2017) as this is a promising avenue to tackle ultimate questions on selection pressures, adaptation, and fitness implications of traits that are affected by ever changing environmental conditions (Brommer, 2013). A fair share of scientific effort in this line of research has focused on individual repeatability of glucocorticoid levels (e.g., Hruschka et al, 2005;Bonier et al, 2009;Thomas et al, 2009;Dingemanse et al, 2010a;Flinn et al, 2011;Ouyang et al, 2011a;Brommer, 2013;Cockrem, 2013;Narayan and Hero, 2013;Baugh et al, 2014;Hau et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fair share of scientific effort in this line of research has focused on individual repeatability of glucocorticoid levels (e.g., Hruschka et al, 2005;Bonier et al, 2009;Thomas et al, 2009;Dingemanse et al, 2010a;Flinn et al, 2011;Ouyang et al, 2011a;Brommer, 2013;Cockrem, 2013;Narayan and Hero, 2013;Baugh et al, 2014;Hau et al, 2016). Glucocorticoids are a group of steroid hormones that function as physiological mediators to deal with metabolic demands arising from internal (e.g., metabolic) and external (e.g., ecological) circumstances (Sapolsky et al, 2000;Romero et al, 2009;Wingfield, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucocorticoids are a group of steroid hormones that function as physiological mediators to deal with metabolic demands arising from internal (e.g., metabolic) and external (e.g., ecological) circumstances (Sapolsky et al, 2000;Romero et al, 2009;Wingfield, 2013). So far, studies investigating repeatability in glucocorticoid levels in wild populations of various bird, fish, and reptile species have found low between individual variation in glucocorticoid levels, suggesting a negligible role of genetic or priming factors in glucocorticoid profiles (see for instance Ouyang et al, 2011a;Cockrem, 2013;Baugh et al, 2014;Lendvai et al, 2015;Small and Schoech, 2015;Hau et al, 2016). To our knowledge, in mammals between individual glucocorticoid repeatability has not been investigated so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian Rhythms of Urinary Cortisol Levels Vary Between Individuals in Wild Male Chimpanzees: A Reaction Norm Approach

et al. 2018

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Investigating the repeatability of trait variation between individuals, that is the amount of individual variation in relation to overall phenotypic variation, indicates an upper level of heritability and reveals whether a given trait may be subject to selection. Labile traits are characterized by high levels of flexibility and consequently low trait repeatability is expected. Indeed, research examining glucocorticoid levels in various non-mammal species found low repeatability scores. However, mammals may be different in this respect as (i) differential maternal care early in life has the potential to prime hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and (ii) allelic variation affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning has been reported. Individuals often differ from each other in average and/or plastic labile trait expression, two aspects that can be described using a reaction norm approach. Both consistent and flexible reaction norm expression has been argued to serve adaptive purposes, depending on the stability and predictability of environmental conditions. Here, we investigated both trait and reaction norm repeatability of urinary cortisol levels in wild adult male chimpanzees. To capture the expression of the circadian urinary cortisol rhythm of individual males over time, urine samples were collected throughout the day. In total data of 30 males collected over a period of 8 years were included in the dataset. No male was sampled over the whole 8-year period however. We found minor levels of trait repeatability but considerable reaction norm repeatability. This implies a minor role of genetic or priming factors on cortisol excretion, but reveals that males differ consistently in average urinary cortisol levels and the shape of the circadian urinary cortisol rhythm. Relating these results to fitness parameters will provide answers to questions on the adaptive value of reaction norm repeatability of this labile hormonal trait in the future.

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Measuring Selection on Physiology in the Wild and Manipulating Phenotypes (in Terrestrial Nonhuman Vertebrates)

Husak

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

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To understand why organisms function the way that they do, we must understand how evolution shapes physiology. This requires knowledge of how selection acts on physiological traits in nature. Selection studies in the wild allow us to determine how variation in physiology causes variation in fitness, revealing how evolution molds physiology over evolutionary time. Manipulating phenotypes experimentally in a selection study shifts the distribution of trait variation in a population to better explore potential constraints and the adaptive value of physiological traits. There is a large database of selection studies in the wild on a variety of traits, but very few of those are physiological traits. Nevertheless, data available so far suggest that physiological traits, including metabolic rate, thermal physiology, whole-organism performance, and hormone levels, are commonly subjected to directional selection in nature, with stabilizing and disruptive selection less common than predicted if physiological traits are optimized to an environment. Selection studies on manipulated phenotypes, including circulating testosterone and glucocorticoid levels, reinforce this notion, but reveal that trade-offs between survival and reproduction or correlational selection can constrain the evolution of physiology. More studies of selection on physiological traits in nature that quantify multiple traits are necessary to better determine the manner in which physiological traits evolve and whether different types of traits (dynamic performance vs. regulatory) evolve differently.

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Baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid concentrations are not repeatable but covary within individual great tits (Parus major)

Cited by 65 publications

References 92 publications

Associations between glucocorticoids and sociality across a continuum of vertebrate social behavior

Associations between glucocorticoids and sociality across a continuum of vertebrate social behavior

Circadian Rhythms of Urinary Cortisol Levels Vary Between Individuals in Wild Male Chimpanzees: A Reaction Norm Approach

Measuring Selection on Physiology in the Wild and Manipulating Phenotypes (in Terrestrial Nonhuman Vertebrates)

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