Measuring Selection on Physiology in the Wild and Manipulating Phenotypes (in Terrestrial Nonhuman Vertebrates)

Husak, Jerry F.

doi:10.1002/cphy.c140061

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 375 publications

(436 reference statements)

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“…BPF and BPS are less toxic than BPA and cause lower rates of mortality and deformity in zebrafish embryos and larvae than BPA ( Moreman et al , 2017 ), which prompted the use of BPF and BPS as safer alternatives for plastic manufacturing. However, our data show that BPF and BPS had significantly greater effects on adult swimming performance, which can have lasting ecological consequences and reduce fitness ( Husak, 2016 ). Future studies should consider how bisphenol concentrations change with temperature over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bisphenols alter thermal responses and performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Wu¹,

Seebacher²

2021

Conservation Physiology

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Plastic pollutants are novel environmental stressors that are now persistent components of natural ecosystems. Endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenols that leach out of plastics can modify physiological responses of animals by interfering with hormone signalling. Here, we tested whether three commonly produced bisphenols, bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), impair thermal acclimation of swimming performance and metabolic enzyme [citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] activities in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that exposure to 30-μg l−1 BPF and BPS, but not BPA, reduced swimming performance, and no interactions between bisphenol exposure and acclimation (3 weeks to 18°C and 28°C) or acute test (18°C and 28°C) temperatures were found. BPA interacted with acclimation and acute test temperatures to determine CS activity, an indicator of mitochondrial density and aerobic metabolic capacity. BPS reduced CS activity and an interaction (at a one-tailed significance) between acclimation temperature and BPF exposure determined CS activity. LDH activity reflects anaerobic ATP production capacity, and BPA and BPF altered the effects of thermal acclimation and acute test temperatures on LDH activity. Our data show that all bisphenols we tested at ecologically relevant concentrations can disrupt the thermal responses of fish. BPS and BPF are used as environmentally safer alternatives to BPA, but our data show that these bisphenols are also of concern, particularly in thermally variable environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bisphenols alter thermal responses and performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Wu¹,

Seebacher²

2021

Conservation Physiology

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“…Allocating resources to one whole-organism trait important to survival (endurance performance) trades off with investment in another (immune function), but there is likely selection to prioritize one over the other depending on the environment. Endurance has been shown to predict survival in juvenile lizards (reviewed in Husak, 2015), and such selection may explain why the response to increased activity (i.e. exercise) persists even under significant caloric restriction (Husak et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training reveals trade-offs among endurance performance and immune function, but not growth, in juvenile lizards

Husak

Roy

Lovern

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Acquired energetic resources allocated to a particular trait cannot then be re-allocated to a different trait. This often results in a trade-off between survival and reproduction for the adults of many species, but such a trade-off may be manifested differently in juveniles not yet capable of reproduction. Whereas adults may allocate resources to current and/or future reproduction, juveniles can only allocate to future reproduction. Thus, juveniles should allocate resources toward traits that increase survival and their chances of future reproductive success. We manipulated allocation of resources to performance, via endurance exercise training, to examine trade-offs among endurance capacity, immune function and growth in juvenile green anole lizards. We trained male and female captive anoles on a treadmill for 8 weeks, with increasing intensity, and compared traits with those of untrained individuals. Our results show that training enhanced endurance capacity equally in both sexes, but immune function was suppressed only in females. Training had no effect on growth, but males had higher growth rates than females. Previous work showed that trained adults have enhanced growth, so juvenile growth is either insensitive to stimulation with exercise, or they are already growing at maximal rates. Our results add to a growing body of literature indicating that locomotor performance is an important part of life-history trade-offs that are sex and age specific.

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“…This approach has been applied successfully in a number of vertebrates (84), including studies of locomotor capacities of garter snakes [Thamnophis sirtalis (89)] and thermogenic capacities of high-altitude deer mice [Peromyscus maniculatus (79)]. These studies followed the same basic formula: physiological performance was measured in wild-caught animals (known-age cohorts in the garter snake study), and rates of survivorship were then estimated using mark-release-recapture protocols.…”

Section: Insights Into Evolutionary Pattern and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inheritance then determines how the effects of selection are transmitted from the parental generation to the offspring generation, i.e., the genetic response to selection. Both narrow-sense heritability and selection have now been measured for many physiological traits (84,200), even in human populations (175).…”

Section: Insights Into Evolutionary Pattern and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic approaches in comparative and evolutionary physiology

Storz

Bridgham

Kelly

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Whole animal physiological performance is highly polygenic and highly plastic, and the same is generally true for the many subordinate traits that underlie performance capacities. Quantitative genetics, therefore, provides an appropriate framework for the analysis of physiological phenotypes and can be used to infer the microevolutionary processes that have shaped patterns of trait variation within and among species. In cases where specific genes are known to contribute to variation in physiological traits, analyses of intraspecific polymorphism and interspecific divergence can reveal molecular mechanisms of functional evolution and can provide insights into the possible adaptive significance of observed sequence changes. In this review, we explain how the tools and theory of quantitative genetics, population genetics, and molecular evolution can inform our understanding of mechanism and process in physiological evolution. For example, lab-based studies of polygenic inheritance can be integrated with field-based studies of trait variation and survivorship to measure selection in the wild, thereby providing direct insights into the adaptive significance of physiological variation. Analyses of quantitative genetic variation in selection experiments can be used to probe interrelationships among traits and the genetic basis of physiological trade-offs and constraints. We review approaches for characterizing the genetic architecture of physiological traits, including linkage mapping and association mapping, and systems approaches for dissecting intermediary steps in the chain of causation between genotype and phenotype. We also discuss the promise and limitations of population genomic approaches for inferring adaptation at specific loci. We end by highlighting the role of organismal physiology in the functional synthesis of evolutionary biology.

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Measuring Selection on Physiology in the Wild and Manipulating Phenotypes (in Terrestrial Nonhuman Vertebrates)

Cited by 16 publications

References 375 publications

Bisphenols alter thermal responses and performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Bisphenols alter thermal responses and performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Exercise training reveals trade-offs among endurance performance and immune function, but not growth, in juvenile lizards

Genetic approaches in comparative and evolutionary physiology

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