Base of the skull morphology and Class III malocclusion in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the morphological differences in the base of the skull of individuals with cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion in comparison to control groups with Class I and Class III malocclusion. METHODS: A total of 89 individuals (males and females) aged between 5 and 27 years old (Class I, n = 32; Class III, n = 29; and Class III individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate, n = 28) attending PUC-MG Dental Center and Cleft Lip/Palate Care Center of Baleia Hospital and PUC-MG (CENTRARE) were selected. Linear and angular measurements of the base of the skull, maxilla and mandible were performed and assessed by a single calibrated examiner by means of cephalometric radiographs. Statistical analysis involved ANCOVA and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: No significant differences with regard to the base of the skull were found between the control group (Class I) and individuals with cleft lip and palate (P > 0.017). The cleft lip/palate group differed from the Class III group only with regard to CI.Sp.Ba (P = 0.015). Individuals with cleft lip and palate had a significantly shorter maxillary length (Co-A) in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the mandible (Co-Gn) of the control group and individuals with cleft lip and palate (P = 1.000). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that there are no significant differences in the base of the skull of individuals Class I or Class III and individuals with cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion.

Evaluation of the cranial base and sella turcica morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

“…However, this differential pattern in cranial base was not observed in UCLP, unlike what we stated in our hypothesis and there were no statistically significant differences between neither CL1 nor CL3 control groups. Our findings are in accordance with previous study results, 21,23,33 and may be interpreted as scars due to surgical repairs are also important for the retrusive maxilla and Class III malocclusion tendency in UCLP patients and the influence of cranial base development remains unclear. This hypothesis might also be supported by Lin et al 21 who found no difference between non-syndromic CL3 patients and UCLP patients in cranial base measurements although maxilla was more retrusive in UCLP patients.…”

Evaluation of the cranial base and sella turcica morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

“…However, this differential pattern in cranial base was not observed in UCLP, unlike what we stated in our hypothesis and there were no statistically significant differences between neither CL1 nor CL3 control groups. Our findings are in accordance with previous study results, 21,23,33 and may be interpreted as scars due to surgical repairs are also important for the retrusive maxilla and Class III malocclusion tendency in UCLP patients and the influence of cranial base development remains unclear. This hypothesis might also be supported by Lin et al 21 who found no difference between non-syndromic CL3 patients and UCLP patients in cranial base measurements although maxilla was more retrusive in UCLP patients.…”

Craniofacial Growth Analysis of Individuals With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate in Colombia

“…It was also significantly larger at different ages for unilateral and even more in bilateral cleft cases for both sexes. The tendency for the cleft facial profiles to develop elongated faces and hyperdivergent profiles in relation to noncleft ones observed in or research coincides with other studies (Toro-Ibacache et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015;Tinano et al, 2015). Additionally, our findings agree with other authors where patients with CLP showed retrognathism of the maxilla, tendency toward vertical facial excess, and the predominance of skeletal class III (Toro-Ibacache et al, 2014;Tinano et al, 2015;Fudalej et al, 2010;Brudnicki et al, 2017;Akarsu-Guvena et al, 2019).…”

Are There Morphophysiological Airway Alterations in Syndromic Craniosynostosis? A 3D Computed Tomography and CFD Analysis

“…18,34,35 Furthermore, the reduction detected in the skull base angle turns the UAW more curved, especially in the nasopharyngeal area, which increases the possibility of pharyngeal wall collapse. This finding is confirmed by the literature, 36 as maxillary/mandibular malformations reduced the size of the UAW, which may play a role in the etiology of OSA. 20,37,38 A limitation of this study was the reduced sample size of the SCS group.…”

Evaluation of the cranial base and sella turcica morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

“…However, this differential pattern in cranial base was not observed in UCLP, unlike what we stated in our hypothesis and there were no statistically significant differences between neither CL1 nor CL3 control groups. Our findings are in accordance with previous study results, 21,23,33 and may be interpreted as scars due to surgical repairs are also important for the retrusive maxilla and Class III malocclusion tendency in UCLP patients and the influence of cranial base development remains unclear. This hypothesis might also be supported by Lin et al 21 who found no difference between non-syndromic CL3 patients and UCLP patients in cranial base measurements although maxilla was more retrusive in UCLP patients.…”

Craniofacial Growth Analysis of Individuals With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate in Colombia

“…It was also significantly larger at different ages for unilateral and even more in bilateral cleft cases for both sexes. The tendency for the cleft facial profiles to develop elongated faces and hyperdivergent profiles in relation to noncleft ones observed in or research coincides with other studies (Toro-Ibacache et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015;Tinano et al, 2015). Additionally, our findings agree with other authors where patients with CLP showed retrognathism of the maxilla, tendency toward vertical facial excess, and the predominance of skeletal class III (Toro-Ibacache et al, 2014;Tinano et al, 2015;Fudalej et al, 2010;Brudnicki et al, 2017;Akarsu-Guvena et al, 2019).…”

Are There Morphophysiological Airway Alterations in Syndromic Craniosynostosis? A 3D Computed Tomography and CFD Analysis

“…18,34,35 Furthermore, the reduction detected in the skull base angle turns the UAW more curved, especially in the nasopharyngeal area, which increases the possibility of pharyngeal wall collapse. This finding is confirmed by the literature, 36 as maxillary/mandibular malformations reduced the size of the UAW, which may play a role in the etiology of OSA. 20,37,38 A limitation of this study was the reduced sample size of the SCS group.…”

Evaluation of the cranial base and sella turcica morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

“…However, this differential pattern in cranial base was not observed in UCLP, unlike what we stated in our hypothesis and there were no statistically significant differences between neither CL1 nor CL3 control groups. Our findings are in accordance with previous study results, 21,23,33 and may be interpreted as scars due to surgical repairs are also important for the retrusive maxilla and Class III malocclusion tendency in UCLP patients and the influence of cranial base development remains unclear. This hypothesis might also be supported by Lin et al 21 who found no difference between non-syndromic CL3 patients and UCLP patients in cranial base measurements although maxilla was more retrusive in UCLP patients.…”

Craniofacial Growth Analysis of Individuals With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate in Colombia

“…It was also significantly larger at different ages for unilateral and even more in bilateral cleft cases for both sexes. The tendency for the cleft facial profiles to develop elongated faces and hyperdivergent profiles in relation to noncleft ones observed in or research coincides with other studies (Toro-Ibacache et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015;Tinano et al, 2015). Additionally, our findings agree with other authors where patients with CLP showed retrognathism of the maxilla, tendency toward vertical facial excess, and the predominance of skeletal class III (Toro-Ibacache et al, 2014;Tinano et al, 2015;Fudalej et al, 2010;Brudnicki et al, 2017;Akarsu-Guvena et al, 2019).…”

Are There Morphophysiological Airway Alterations in Syndromic Craniosynostosis? A 3D Computed Tomography and CFD Analysis

“…18,34,35 Furthermore, the reduction detected in the skull base angle turns the UAW more curved, especially in the nasopharyngeal area, which increases the possibility of pharyngeal wall collapse. This finding is confirmed by the literature, 36 as maxillary/mandibular malformations reduced the size of the UAW, which may play a role in the etiology of OSA. 20,37,38 A limitation of this study was the reduced sample size of the SCS group.…”