Basal Melt and Freezing Rates From First Noble Gas Samples Beneath an Ice Shelf

Huhn, Oliver; Hattermann, Tore; Davis, Peter E. D.; Dunker, Erich; Hellmer, Hartmut; Nicholls, Keith W.; Østerhus, Svein; Rhein, Monika; Schröder, Michael; Sültenfuß, Jürgen

doi:10.1029/2018gl079706

Cited by 21 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition, observations of noble gas under the ice shelf show results in good agreement with ours (Huhn et al, ). In their study, Huhn et al () show that most of the estimated refreezing is considered to be associated with HSSW

_{B e r k n e r}

, with melting and refreezing in the cavity evaluated as 2

\pm

1.5% and 1.7

\pm

0.9% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For these tracers in the FRIS cavity, a simple linear mixing in temperature‐salinity space can be assumed (Jenkins, ). In this paper we neglect the effect of possible subglacial runoff (Huhn et al, ; Jenkins, ), because our observations do not allow us to disentangle impact of ice melt and subglacial flow. Huhn et al () found evidences of freshwater from subglacial runoff only at one of the six sites sampled for noble gas investigation beneath Filchner Ice Shelf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we neglect the effect of possible subglacial runoff (Huhn et al, ; Jenkins, ), because our observations do not allow us to disentangle impact of ice melt and subglacial flow. Huhn et al () found evidences of freshwater from subglacial runoff only at one of the six sites sampled for noble gas investigation beneath Filchner Ice Shelf. They established that, at this site, 13% of the total meltwater consisted of subglacial runoff versus 87% of glacial meltwater.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these tracers in the FRIS cavity, a simple linear mixing in temperature-salinity space can be assumed (Jenkins, 1999). In this paper we neglect the effect of possible subglacial runoff (Huhn et al, 2018;Jenkins, 2011), because our observations do not allow us to disentangle impact of ice melt and subglacial flow. Huhn 10.…”

Section: Oceanographic Constraint For Ice Shelf Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this region, HSSW forms directly in front of FRIS and enters the cavity where it interacts with the ice shelf base. This interaction adds a small fraction of glacial meltwater to a much larger volume of ambient water (Huhn et al, 2018). Freshening by meltwater creates buoyant plume that rises along the ice shelf base, either refreezing or emerging from beneath the cavity (Darelius et al, 2009;Foldvik et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice Shelf Basal Melt and Influence on Dense Water Outflow in the Southern Weddell Sea

et al. 2020

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We use new observations of stable water isotopes from a research cruise in early 2017 to highlight ocean‐ice interactions occurring under Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf, the largest Antarctic ice shelf. In particular, we investigate the properties of Ice Shelf Water with temperature lower than the surface freezing point, in the Filchner Depression. We identify two main flavors of Ice Shelf Water emerging from beneath the Filchner Ice Shelf, which originate from High Salinity Shelf Water end members with distinct characteristics. Furthermore, these two High Salinity Shelf Water end members interact with areas of the ice shelves with different basal properties to produce different versions of Ice Shelf Water. These water masses are associated with different rates of basal melting and refreezing, which we quantify. Ice Shelf Water types that flow out of the ice shelf cavity are composed of 0.4% of mass from ice shelf (melt minus freeze) when sampled at the front of Filchner Ice Shelf. The slightly lighter Ice Shelf Water version mixes directly with ambient water masses as it flows northward on the continental shelf. The resulting Ice Shelf Water mixture with temperature below the surface freezing point ultimately sinks along the continental slope into the deep ocean, as a precursor of the Weddell Sea bottom waters.

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_{B e r k n e r}

, with melting and refreezing in the cavity evaluated as 2

\pm

1.5% and 1.7

\pm

0.9% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oceanographic Constraint For Ice Shelf Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice Shelf Basal Melt and Influence on Dense Water Outflow in the Southern Weddell Sea

et al. 2020

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FRIS revisited in 2018: On the circulation and water masses at the Filchner and Ronne Ice Shelves in the southern Weddell Sea

Janout

Hellmer

Hattermann

et al. 2021

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The Antarctic continent stores the largest amount of freshwater on Earth. However, the Antarctic ice sheets and glaciers are losing mass, leading to a cumulative sea level rise of 14 mm since 1979 (Rignot et al., 2019). Some ice mass loss could be linked to changes in the atmosphere, such as the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula (Vaughan et al., 2003), which triggered the decay of the Larsen ice shelves (Broeke, 2005;Rott et al., 1996). However, the majority of ice mass was lost from glaciers and ice sheets that were exposed to the influence of warm ocean waters (Rignot et al., 2019). Thompson et al. (2018) classify the Antarctic

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Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change

2023

Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis

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Ocean Heat and SalinityAt the ocean surface, temperature has, on average, increased by 0.88 [0.68 to 1.01] °C between 1850-1900 and 2011-2020, with 0.60 [0.44 to 0.74] °C of this warming having occurred since 1980. The ocean surface temperature is projected to increase between 1995 to 2014 and 2081 to 2100 on average by 0.86 [0.43 to 1.47, likely range] °C in SSP1-2.6 and by 2.89 [2.01 to 4.07, likely range] °C in SSP5-8.5. Since the 1950s, the fastest surface warming has occurred in the Indian Ocean and in western boundary currents, while ocean circulation has caused slow warming or surface cooling in the Southern Ocean, equatorial Pacific, North Atlantic, and coastal upwelling systems (very high confidence). At least 83% of the ocean surface will very likely warm over the 21st century in all Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. {2.3.3, 9.2 .1}The heat content of the global ocean has increased since at least 1970, and will continue to increase over the 21st century (virtually certain). The associated warming will likely continue until at least 2300, even for low-emissions scenarios, because of the slow circulation of the deep ocean. Ocean heat content has increased from 1971 to 2018 by 0.396 [0.329 to 0.463, likely range] yottajoules and will likely increase until 2100 by two to four times that amount under SSP1-2.6 and four to eight times that amount under SSP5-8.5. The long time scale also implies that the amount of deep-ocean warming will only become scenario-dependent after about 2040 (medium confidence), and that the warming is irreversible over centuries to millennia (very high confidence). On annual to decadal time scales, the redistribution of heat by the ocean circulation dominates spatial patterns of temperature change (high confidence). At longer time scales, the spatial patterns are dominated by additional heat, primarily stored in water masses formed in the Southern Ocean, and by weaker warming in the North Atlantic where heat redistribution caused by changing circulation counteracts the additional heat input through the surface (high confidence). {9.2.2, 9.2.4, 9.6.1, Cross-Chapter Box 9.1} Marine heatwaves -sustained periods of anomalously high near-surface temperatures that can lead to severe and persistent impacts on marine ecosystems -have become more frequent over the 20th century (high confidence). Since the 1980s, they have approximately doubled in frequency (high confidence) and have become more intense and longer (medium confidence). This trend will continue, with marine heatwaves at global scale becoming four times [2 to 9, likely range] more frequent in 2081-2100 compared to 1995-2014 under SSP1-2.6, and eight times [3 to 15, likely range] more frequent under SSP5-8.5. The largest changes will occur in the tropical ocean and the Arctic (medium confidence). {Box 9.2}Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change Chapter 9 9wind intensification since the 1980s (medium confidence). In the 21st century, consistent with projected changes in the surface winds, the East Australian Current Ex...

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Basal Melt and Freezing Rates From First Noble Gas Samples Beneath an Ice Shelf

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Ice Shelf Basal Melt and Influence on Dense Water Outflow in the Southern Weddell Sea

Ice Shelf Basal Melt and Influence on Dense Water Outflow in the Southern Weddell Sea

FRIS revisited in 2018: On the circulation and water masses at the Filchner and Ronne Ice Shelves in the southern Weddell Sea

Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change

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