Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma of the head and face

Feller, Liviu; Kramer, Beverley; Altini, Mario; Lemmer, J

doi:10.1186/s13005-016-0106-0

Cited by 70 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…BCC is the most common skin carcinoma with low-grade malignancy [21]. The pathogenesis of both psoriasis and BCC is associated with keratinocytes hyperproliferation, inflammatory cells migration, and angiogenesis-the processes in which plasminogen system plays an important role [10,16,33,56,69].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 in psoriatic skin and in basal cell carcinomas

et al. 2017

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There is substantial evidence implicating the urokinase system in tissue remodeling during neo-vascularization, inflammation, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Regulated degradation of the extracellular matrix at the leading edge of migrating cells, mediated by uPA and uPAR, is required for tissue remodeling, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Psoriasis and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the most common skin diseases. Pathogenesis of both of them is associated with keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammatory cell migration, and angiogenesis-processes in which the plasminogen system (uPA, uPAR, tPA, and PAI-1) plays a crucial role. In the present study, the comparative analysis of uPA, uPAR, tPA, and PAI-1 expression in the normal skin, in the biopsies of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, and BCC was carried out. uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 expression was up-regulated in the epidermis of psoriatic skin and in tumor cells in BCC. Increased uPAR expression was detected in the derma of psoriatic lesions and in the stroma surrounding tumor cells in BCC. Increased expression of uPA in epidermal cells in psoriasis and in tumor cells in BCC suggests an important role of the uPA system for aggressively proliferating and invading cells of epidermal origin. A possible activation of the stroma, as a result of uPA-uPAR interaction between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma, is suggested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 in psoriatic skin and in basal cell carcinomas

et al. 2017

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“…NMSC are most frequent on parts of the body that are commonly exposed to the sun, such as ears, face, neck, and forearms, and affect mostly persons with fair skin and blue eyes, who burn rather than suntan when exposed to the sunlight. The long-term, repeated UV radiation exposure, both solar and artificial, is a causative factor for nearly 90% of NMSCs [2,9,20]. Exposure to UV radiation induces functional changes in keratinocytes and immune cells that lead to skin cancer [21].…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Nmscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect may also be the avoidance of cell apoptosis as result of DNA damage. Given the limited capacity for DNA repair, transformed cells suffer division and propagation [9]. …”

Section: Oncogenes and Skin Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCC, the second most common skin cancer, arises from malignant proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. It is characterized by infiltrative and metastatic behavior as well as destructive growth [9]. Several histological subtypes of SCC have been described, including keratoacanthoma, verrucous carcinoma (a less common but more invasive SCC variant), SCC in situ, also known as Bowen disease, acantholytic SCC, spindle cell SCC, clear cell SCC, papillary SCC, and signet ring, pigmented, and desmoplastic SCC [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elderly white people, with a phenotype of red hair, blue eyes, and fair skin, who had been chronically exposed to UV radiation for a long time, have major probability of having SCC. Even in the absence of UV radiation exposure, this tumor is occasionally associated with nonhealing wounds or with chronic lesions which result from chronic immuno-inflammatory processes [9] . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neoplastic Multifocal Skin Lesions: Biology, Etiology, and Targeted Therapies for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Fernandes

Santos²,

Kovačević³

et al. 2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Neoplastic skin lesions are multifocal, diffuse skin infiltrations of particular relevance in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative, nodular, or crusting skin lesions. Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), namely, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and also actinic keratosis (AK), are the most common malignant tumors in humans. BCCs do not proliferate rapidly and most of the times do not metastasize, while SCCs are more infiltrative, metastatic, and destructive. AKs are precursor lesions of cutaneous SCCs. The classical therapy of NMSCs makes use of photodynamic therapy associated with chemotherapeutics. With improved understanding of the pathological mechanisms of tumor initiation, progression, and differentiation, a case is made towards the use of targeted chemotherapy with the intent to reduce the cytotoxicity of classical treatments. The present review aims to describe the current state of the art on the knowledge of NMSC, including its risks factors, oncogenes, and skin carcinogenesis, discussing the classical therapy against new therapeutic options.

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