Bartonellosis in Dogs and Cats, an Update

Taber, Rachel; Pankowski, Anne; Ludwig, Allison L.; Jensen, Maggie; Magsamen, Veronica; Lashnits, Erin

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.06.006

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…The inability for study personnel to collect fleas from Bartonella spp. infected cats may be indicative of highly efficient grooming by the cat host or the long duration of Bartonella infection in the cat, an important characteristic of their role as a reservoir host ( Kordick and Breitschwerdt, 1988 ; Taber et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three Bartonella spp., associated with C . felis and their cat hosts are Bartonella henselae , Bartonella clarridgeiae , and Bartonella koehlerae ( Chomel et al, 1996 ; Kordick et al, 1997 ; Avidor et al, 2004 ; Taber et al, 2022 ). Infection with these species is a cause of both animal and human disease with numerous manifestations including endocarditis, nervous system, rheumatological, and vascular diseases ( Breitschwerdt, 2017 ; Álvarez-Fernández et al, 2018 ; Canneti et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association of host and vector characteristics with Ctenocephalides felis pathogen and endosymbiont infection

et al. 2023

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Surveillance of the fleas and flea-borne pathogens infecting cats is important for both human and animal health. Multiple zoonotic Bartonella and Rickettsia species are known to infect the most common flea infesting cats and dogs worldwide: Ctenocephalides felis, the cat flea. The ability of other flea species to transmit pathogens is relatively unexplored. We aimed to determine cat host and flea factors independently associated with flea Bartonella and Rickettsia infection. We also assessed flea and cat infection by flea-host pair and location. To accomplish these aims, we performed qPCR for the detection of Bartonella, hemotropic Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia DNA using paired cat and flea samples obtained from free-roaming cats presenting for spay or neuter across four locations in the United States. A logistic regression model was employed to identify the effect of cat (sex, body weight, geographic location, and Bartonella, hemotropic Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia spp., infection) and flea (clade and Rickettsia and Wolbachia infection) factors on C. felis Bartonella clarridgeiae infection. From 189 free roaming cats, we collected 84 fleas: Ctenocephalides felis (78/84), Cediopsylla simplex (4/84), Orchopeas howardi (1/84), and Nosopsyllus fasciatus (1/84). Ctenocephalides felis were phylogenetically assigned to Clades 1, 4, and 6 by cox1 gene amplification. Rickettsia asembonensis (52/84) and B. clarridgeiae (16/84) were the most common pathogenic bacteria detected in fleas. Our model identified host cat sex and weight as independently associated with B. clarridgeiae infection in fleas. Rickettsia asembonensis (52/84), Rickettsia felis (7/84) and Bartonella henselae (7/84) were detected in specific clades: R. felis was detected only in Clades 1 and 6 while B. henselae and R. asembonensis were detected only in Clade 4. Wolbachia spp., also displayed clade specificity with strains other than Wolbachia wCfeT only infecting fleas from Clade 6. There was poor flea and host agreement for Bartonella spp., infection; however, there was agreement in the Bartonella species detected in cats and fleas by geographic location. These findings reinforce the importance of considering reservoir host attributes and vector phylogenetic diversity in epidemiological studies of flea-borne pathogens. Widespread sampling is necessary to identify the factors driving flea-borne pathogen presence and transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of host and vector characteristics with Ctenocephalides felis pathogen and endosymbiont infection

et al. 2023

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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to unrecognized Bartonella henselae infection: a case report

Hempel,

Manzoor,

Petrescu

2023

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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Background Bartonella henselae is a species of intracellular bacteria transmitted to humans through animal bites and scratches contaminated with the feces of arthropod vectors, and are most commonly associated with cat exposure although transmission from other mammals has been reported. Bartonella henselae infection has a spectrum of clinical manifestations and has rarely been reported as cause of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in immunocompromised hosts. Case presentation We present a report of Bartonella henselae infection progressing to HLH in an immunocompetent patient. The patient initially presented with regional lymphadenopathy but the diagnosis was not suspected as the patient reported no exposure to cats. On further history, he did report a scratch from a dog prior to development of symptoms. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin and anakinra for the HLH and three months of Doxycycline for Bartonella infection, with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusions Although commonly associated with cat exposure, Bartonella henselae transmission can occur after exposure to other animals and vectors including dogs and clinicians need to maintain an index of suspicion for timely diagnosis. Bartonella henselae is associated with a spectrum of clinical manifestations which can include disseminated infection with severe complications such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Prompt initiation of Bartonella treatment is essential when thought to be the trigger for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis although the optimal treatment regimen is unclear.

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Bartonellosis in Dogs and Cats, an Update

Cited by 2 publications

References 196 publications

The association of host and vector characteristics with Ctenocephalides felis pathogen and endosymbiont infection

The association of host and vector characteristics with Ctenocephalides felis pathogen and endosymbiont infection

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to unrecognized Bartonella henselae infection: a case report

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