Bartonella Infection in Animals: Carriership, Reservoir Potential, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential for Human Infection

Breitschwerdt, Edward B.; Kordick, Dorsey L.

doi:10.1128/cmr.13.3.428-438.2000

Cited by 371 publications

(386 citation statements)

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“…In humans, B. henselae seroprevalence ranges between 5.7% in healthy human blood donors [52] and up to 87% in human patients with suspected cat scratch disease [57]. Cats appear to be the main reservoir of B. henselae infection as indicated by the high seroprevalences found in cats worldwide [7] as well as documentation of persistent bacteremia in naturally and experimentally infected cats [1,40,43]. Bacteremia has been infrequently documented in dogs, and only by PCR amplification [6,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of the genus Bartonella are pleomorphic, gram-negative rods that are highly adapted to facilitate intracellular persistence in a wide variety of animals [7]. Bartonella organisms can induce clinical disease in humans [35] and in other mammals such as the domestic cat and dog [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bartonella organisms can induce clinical disease in humans [35] and in other mammals such as the domestic cat and dog [7]. One of the most important Bartonella species that causes a broad spectrum of clinical conditions in humans is Bartonella henselae [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bartonella henselae IgG antibodies are prevalent in dogs from southeastern USA

et al. 2004

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-In contrast to the large body of literature regarding Bartonella henselae in humans and cats, there is little information about B. henselae as an infectious agent in dogs. Due to the paucity of information regarding the B. henselae serology in dogs, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey using B. henselae antigen in order to compare the seroprevalence between sick and healthy dogs from the south-eastern USA. Ninety-nine sera were collected from clinically healthy dogs. Three hundred and one sera from sick dogs were submitted to North Carolina State University for serologic screening against a panel of arthropod-transmitted organisms. Serological tests were performed using B. henselae (Bh), Rickettsia rickettsii (Rr), Ehrlichia canis (Ec), Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii (Bvb), Babesia canis (Bc) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) antigens. Serum B. henselae IgG antibodies were detected in 10.1% of healthy dogs and in 27.2% of sick dogs. The difference in seroprevalence between the two groups was statistically significant. The majority of seroreactive dogs (80%) had low titers of 1:64 or 1:128. In healthy dogs, seroprevalence for Rr was 14.1% and for Bvb was 1%. In sick dogs, Rr seroprevalence was 29.7%, Ec 6.5%, Bvb 4.7%, Bb 1.7% and Bc was 0.85%. Of the sick dogs that were seroreactive to B. henselae antigens, 40.6% were also seroreactive to Rr, 15.0% reactive to Bvb antigens, 14.8% reactive to Ec antigens, 1.8% reactive to Bc antigens and 1.75% reactive to Bb antigens. Sera from dogs experimentally infected with B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, E. canis or R. rickettsii did not cross react with B. henselae antigens, by IFA testing. This study indicates that B. henselae IgG antibodies are prevalent in healthy and sick dogs living in the south-eastern USA. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and zoonotic relevance of B. henselae infection in dogs.Bartonella henselae / dog / serology / vector-borne diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bartonella henselae IgG antibodies are prevalent in dogs from southeastern USA

et al. 2004

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“…Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that domestic cats represent the main reservoir of B. henselae [10,12,33,49,59] and B. henselae is primarily transmitted among cats by fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) [14,22,32]. Cats are persistently infected with Bartonella in their bloodstream for a few months up to several years [1,35,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, B. henselae can cause a wide variety of diseases and syndromes, such as bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary peliosis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, neuroretinitis as well as cat scratch disease (CSD) [3,10,17,34,43,47,58]. In contrast to human infection with B. henselae, cats naturally or experimentally infected do not usually express any major clinical signs [13,50,59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of specific pathogen free (SPF) cats with two different strains of Bartonella henselae type I: A comparative study

et al. 2002

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-Domestic cats are the reservoir of Bartonella henselae, the main causative agent of cat scratch disease. We compared B. henselae type I infection characteristics in 6 SPF cats infected with a feline strain (4.8 × 10 7 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) and in 6 SPF cats infected with the reference Houston I strain (6.6 × 10 6 CFU/mL to 9.6 × 10 7 /mL). All the cats inoculated with the feline strain, but none of the cats inoculated with B. henselae Houston I, developed a fever within 2-12 days (mean: 5.8 days) post inoculation (PI), which lasted for 1-2 weeks. However, all 12 cats became bacteremic. The duration of bacteremia was significantly longer in the cats inoculated with the feline strain (mean: 237 days) than in the cats inoculated with Houston I strain (mean: 60 days) (p < 0.01). Five (83%) cats inoculated with the feline strain and none of the six cats inoculated with B. henselae Houston I had relapsing bacteremia (p = 0.02). IgG antibodies were detected by IFA within 1-2 weeks for both strains, but peaked later (week 10 versus week 3 PI) for the feline strain. By ELISA, using antigens of each B. henselae strain, all 12 cats developed Bartonella specific IgM and IgG antibodies, but the cats infected with B. henselae Houston I antigen yielded significantly lower optical density values (p < 0.05). By SDS-PAGE, PFGE and Western blotting, protein profile differences (84 to 89% homology) were observed between the two strains. If a feline vaccine is to be developed in order to prevent human infection, the choice of the vaccine strain will be critical, since major differences were identified even between strains belonging to the same sero/genotype. Résumé -Étude comparative de l'infection expérimentale de chats sans germe pathogène spécifique avec deux souches différentes de Bartonella henselae type I. Le chat domestique constitue le réservoir de Bartonella henselae, l'agent principal de la maladie des griffes du chat. Les caractéristiques de l'infection expérimentale de chats domestiques sans germe pathogène spécifique par une souche féline de B. henselae type I (6 chats recevant une dose de 4,8 × 10 7 colonies/mL) ou de la souche de référence Houston I (6 chats recevant entre 6,6 × 10 6 et 9,6 × 10 7 colonies/mL) sont présen-tées. Les six chats infectés avec la souche féline, mais aucun des six chats infectés avec la souche Houston I, développèrent de la fièvre 2 à 12 jours après l'inoculation (moyenne : 5,8 jours) et celle-ci dura entre 1 et 2 semaines. Cependant, les 12 chats devinrent bactériémiques, mais la bactériémie dura significativement plus longtemps chez les chats infectés par la souche féline (moyenne : 237 jours) que chez les chats infectés par la souche Houston I (moyenne : 60 jours) (p < 0.01). La majorité (83 %) des chats inoculés avec la souche féline présentèrent des récurrences de bactériémie, alors qu'aucun des chats inoculés avec la souche Houston I n'en présenta (p < 0.02). Les anticorps IgG, détectés par immunofluorescence chez tous les chats entre 1 et 2 semaines après l'inocula...

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