Barriers to Mothers’ Implementation of Non-Harsh Discipline Techniques: Anger, Impulsivity, and Situational Demands

Rhoades, Kimberly A.; Grice, Christina; Vecchio, Tamara Del

doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0801-x

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Thus, the relation between anger and disengagement in the current analysis may reflect an automatic, as opposed to deliberate, emotion regulation process. This possibility is consistent with work indicating that the relation between maternal anger and harsh discipline is strongest for mothers who are more impulsive and thus may be less able to regulate (Rhoades, Grice, & Del Vecchio, 2017). Future work is needed to test this hypothesis and would benefit from multimethod assessment that includes physiological or observational measures of motivational state and/or regulation alongside self-report of actual and desired motivational states.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Given the documented importance of situational demands on parenting (Miller, Shim, & Holden, 1998; Rhoades et al, 2017), another limitation of this particular analysis is the exclusion of potentially important situational factors in predicting mothers’ emotion regulation. In explaining their feelings, thoughts, and actions, mothers also spontaneously provided information about whether or not they were receiving help, whether they were dealing with multiple demands at once (e.g., a temper tantrum while on a work-related phone call while also trying to empty the dishwasher), whether someone in the family was sick, or whether they had had an argument with their spouse, to name just a few.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal emotion, motivation, and regulation during real-world parenting challenges.

Hajal¹,

Teti

Cole

et al. 2019

Journal of Family Psychology

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Parenting is emotionally evocative, and parental emotions have implications for parenting behavior. We used experience sampling methodology to capture mothers' experiences and emotions in the context of real-world, day-today parenting challenges. Mothers (N = 55) of 14-to 24-month-olds participated in 4 phone interviews per day for 6 days in which they reported on their momentary emotions, motivational states (i.e., desire to approach/engage and avoid/ disengage), and behaviors (i.e., actual engagement and disengagement). Aims involved examination of (1) whether asking mothers to report on motivational states, in addition to reporting on their actual behaviors, would result in information that could inform the study of emotion regulation, (2) how mothers' self-reported motivational states and behaviors were associated with reports of emotions during parenting challenges, and (3) whether it would be possible to identify patterns of co-occurring motivational states and behaviors that may reflect emotion regulation processes. Results indicated that specific emotions were more consistently associated with reports of motivational states than behavior. Multilevel latent class analysis of motivational state and behavior variables identified 4 distinct classes, some of which indicated maintenance of motivational state, while others suggested modulation. The relation of selfreported specific emotions with motivational states and patterns of emotion regulation were also examined, and findings for anger/irritation and concern/worry underscore the importance of studying parental emotions in context. The findings are discussed within the context of the growing literature on parental emotion, including how this body of work has the potential to inform prevention and intervention strategies for high-risk families.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal emotion, motivation, and regulation during real-world parenting challenges.

Hajal¹,

Teti

Cole

et al. 2019

Journal of Family Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In other words, although parental emotions influence behavior, they do not necessarily determine it; parents may regulate their emotions—either automatically or intentionally—to modulate their behavioral responses to children. For example, parental anger was associated with harsh discipline only for mothers who were higher in impulsivity (and thus may have had more difficulty regulating; Rhoades, Grice, & Del Vecchio, 2017). A comprehensive review of the literature showed that higher levels of emotional and cognitive control were associated with higher levels of positive parenting (i.e., warmth, sensitivity, involvement, consistency) and lower levels of harsh, punitive, and inconsistent parenting (Crandall, Deater-Deckard, & Riley, 2015).…”

Section: Parenting Is Affectively Organized: Implications For Parenti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental emotion and emotion regulation: A critical target of study for research and intervention to promote child emotion socialization.

Hajal

Paley

2020

Developmental Psychology

184

141

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Parents’ behaviors—particularly their emotion socialization behaviors (ESBs)—drive children’s emotion socialization (Eisenberg, Cumberland, & Spinrad, 1998). We propose that a major next step in the effort to promote healthy emotional development is to improve the field’s understanding of the most proximal contributor to parent ESBs: parents’ own experience and regulation of emotions in the context of caregiving. As an initial step, this paper integrates Eisenberg and colleagues’ model of emotion socialization with theoretical and empirical work on parental emotion. We review the literature on the emotionally evocative nature of parenting, which influences parental ESBs, including parents’ expressions of emotions and their responses to children’s emotions. However, whereas parental emotions influence behavior, they do not necessarily determine it; parents may regulate their emotions to engage in optimal ESBs. Thus, parental regulation contributes to emotion socialization not only by modeling emotion regulation strategies for children, but also by influencing the quality of parents’ ESBs. From a clinical perspective, parental emotion regulation is of utmost importance due to the degree of parental involvement in interventions for childhood emotional and behavioral disorders, which are often aimed at promoting child self-regulation. To illustrate practical applications of Eisenberg’s model, we discuss evidence-based practices that include enhancement of parent emotion regulation as a primary target, with the ultimate goal of promoting child emotional development. Ultimately, we aim to spur future theoretical, empirical, and translational work in this area.

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“…While maternal worry for the child was associated with more synchronous behavior and less restrictive control (e.g., attempts to get children to conform to mothers’ demands and wishes); maternal sadness, anger, and guilt were associated with more asynchronous behavior. Further, anger has been related to more restrictive control [ 15 ], lower sensitivity [ 18 , 19 ], higher harsh parenting [ 20 ], and over-reactive discipline [ 21 ]. These findings suggest that parents’ specific emotions impact caregiving behaviors, and that understanding the cognitive processes that underlie parents’ emotions may be fruitful for understanding variation in caregiving behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents’ emotion socialization behaviors in response to preschool-aged children’s justified and unjustified negative emotions

et al. 2023

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Parental socialization of children’s negative emotions is believed to contribute to children’s emotional development, with supportive, process-oriented responses (e.g., explicit acknowledgment of emotional expression and emotion processing) providing opportunities for children to experience and develop adaptive emotion regulation strategies for negative emotions. On the other hand, non-supportive, outcome-oriented responses (e.g., minimizing or punishing children for negative emotional expressions) tend to undermine such opportunities. Less clear, however, is the degree to which parents’ own emotional and cognitive processes influence their emotion socialization behaviors. In particular, the perceived justifiability of children’s negative emotions may be an important factor for parents’ socialization behaviors as parents may only attend to emotional displays that they feel are reasonable. Using a sample of 234 mothers and fathers (parents of 146 unique preschool aged children), we examined the degree to which parents reported: (1) feeling specific emotions as a function of whether they viewed children’s negative emotional expressions; (2) engaging in emotion socialization behaviors as a function of whether they viewed children’s negative emotions. Last, we examined whether parents’ reported emotions were related to their behaviors. For caregivers’ emotions and behaviors, we examined whether patterns differed as a function of whether the children’s emotions were perceived as justified or unjustified. Parents were more likely to report feeling emotions such as anger and frustration when they viewed children’s negative emotions as unjustified relative to justified, and for these unjustified negative emotions, anger and frustration were related to more outcome-oriented behaviors. Emotions such as sadness and guilt, however, were related to more process-oriented behaviors, regardless of whether parents felt children’s negative emotions were justified or unjustified. Findings highlight the interrelatedness of emotional and cognitive processes within the parenting context and their potential influence on emotion socialization behaviors.

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Barriers to Mothers’ Implementation of Non-Harsh Discipline Techniques: Anger, Impulsivity, and Situational Demands

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Maternal emotion, motivation, and regulation during real-world parenting challenges.

Maternal emotion, motivation, and regulation during real-world parenting challenges.

Parental emotion and emotion regulation: A critical target of study for research and intervention to promote child emotion socialization.

Parents’ emotion socialization behaviors in response to preschool-aged children’s justified and unjustified negative emotions

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