Barriers and Facilitators to Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya: a Qualitative Study

Adewumi, Konyin; Nishimura, Holly; Oketch, Sandra; Adsul, Prajakta; Huchko, Megan J.

doi:10.1007/s13187-020-01928-6

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This finding agrees with the findings of other studies where Marshi et al [3], another barrier found was the assumption that pap smear is painful. The results are also similar to the findings from a systemic review on barriers and facilitators of CCS among women in Uganda [6]. Other barriers were assessed and most of their ratings were below 3.0.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Perceived Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening Using Pap Smear Test among Women Attending Saad Abu Al Ella Hospital in Khartoum State, 2022

Said¹,

Fazari²,

Osman³

et al. 2023

JCT

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Background: Cervical cancer is the second common cancer among women worldwide. It is a preventable cancer, and early detection of precancerous conditions through the Papanicolaou cytology screening (Pap smear) is a key aspect of prevention; it is accepted worldwide as an efficient tool for secondary prevention. While the PS test is simple, inexpensive, and relatively reliable as a method of diagnosing cervical cancer, most women do not take the test. Therefore, this study is sought to describe the barriers to pap smear uptake among Sudanese women. Materials and Method: This total coverage observational, analytical and cross sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in Saad Abu El Ella Hospital in April 2022. The study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire to assess the perceived barriers of 93 participants. All data were computerized using Microsoft Excel'17 and the data were described and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS23). Results: The findings revealed that the mean age of the participants was 39.5 years and only 3.2% had ever undergone a pap smear test. Identified barriers were lack of information, not knowing where to go, and fear of pain. The majority, 72% are willing to routinely perform a pap smear test if well informed about it. The study also demonstrates that there is a significant correlation between perceived barriers score and willingness to perform the pap smear test (p value = 0.008), and between the perceived barriers score and the sociodemographic factors: Age (p value = 0.006), educational level (p value = 0.028) and occupation (p value = 0.040

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Perceived Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening Using Pap Smear Test among Women Attending Saad Abu Al Ella Hospital in Khartoum State, 2022

Said¹,

Fazari²,

Osman³

et al. 2023

JCT

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“…Furthermore, risk perception related detractors to screening initiation included free screening test results [ 36 – 38 , 40 , 45 , 50 , 51 , 68 , 70 ], worry about stigma [ 46 ], emotional costs in the form of the disease [ 48 , 65 ], the pain of the gynecological examination and procedure [ 32 , 38 , 43 , 47 , 51 , 54 , 65 , 71 ], fear of the unknown [ 48 ], and myths and misconceptions about removing of the womb [ 49 ]. In addition, embarrassment, namely feeling shy [ 32 , 43 , 71 , 72 ], fear of invasion into their privacy [ 49 ], location of self-collection or privacy [ 46 ], and the assumption that sexual organs are private [ 48 ] were also found to be substantial barriers to screening.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in another quantitative study, husbands did not support and encourage women’s Pap smear screening [ 71 ] and this fact was registered as a likely barrier. Getting advice from friends and relatives [ 35 ] or persuasion by peers [ 43 ] was the main motivator of women to participate in cervical cancer screening programmes. The presence of peers or relatives to model preventive behaviour [ 43 ] enabled women to undergo screening since women could hear of the preventive programme package from a relative or friend compared with other sources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of cervical cancer prevention and management in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative synthesis of mixed studies

Atnafu,

Khatri,

Assefa

2024

Health Res Policy Sys

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Background Cervical cancer is a public health concern in the sub-Saharan Africa region. Cervical cancer screening is one of the strategies for detecting early precancerous lesions. However, many women have poor access to and utilization of screening services in the region. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the challenges and opportunities of screening, early detection and management of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We conducted a structured narrative review of studies published in English. We included studies published from 1 January 2013 to mid-2022. Studies were selected following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Key search terms (detractors and enablers, cervical cancer screening, sub-Saharan Africa) were employed to identify studies from three electronic databases (HINARI, Science Direct, and PubMed). We also conducted searches on Google Scholar to identify relevant grey literatures. A thematic analysis was conducted and themes were identified, then explained using a socio-ecological framework (intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, policy levels). Results We identified 60 studies in the final review. Cervical cancer screening and early detection and management programmes are influenced by drivers at multiple levels. Individual-level drivers included a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and screening literacy, and a low risk in perception, attitude, susceptibility and perceived fear of test results, as well as sociodemographic characteristics of women. Interpersonal drivers were community embarrassment, women’s relationships with health workers, support and encouragement, the presence of peers or relatives to model preventive behaviour, and the mothers’ networks with others. At the organizational level, influencing factors were related to providers (cervical cancer screening practice, training, providers’ profession type, skill of counselling and sex, expert recommendation and work commitments). At the community level, drivers of cervical cancer screening included stigma, social–cultural norms, social networks and beliefs. System- and policy-level drivers were lack of nearby facilities and geographic remoteness, resource allocation and logistics management, cost of screening, promotion policy, ownership and management, lack of decentralized cancer policy and lack of friendly infrastructure. Conclusions There were several drivers in the implementation of cervical cancer screening programmes at multiple levels. Prevention and management of cervical cancer programmes requires multilevel strategies to be implemented across the individual level (users), community and organizational levels (providers and community users), and system and policy levels. The design and implementation of policies and programmes need to address the multilevel challenges.

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“…Among women in LMICs, there is relatively low awareness of HPV and cervical cancer 41 . The word “cancer” incites stigma and fear because it is synonymous with severe illness or death, an additional burden for WLHIV, and embarrassment or discomfort with pelvic examinations has also been reported 36,41,42 . This fear and unawareness presents as a barrier to the uptake of cervical cancer screening and treatment services.…”

Section: Hpv Dna Testing As a Cervical Cancer Screening Method: Next ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer prevention: Human papillomavirus testing as primary screening

Desai

Zhu

Lapidos‐Salaiz

2021

Cancer

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Barriers and Facilitators to Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya: a Qualitative Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Perceived Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening Using Pap Smear Test among Women Attending Saad Abu Al Ella Hospital in Khartoum State, 2022

Perceived Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening Using Pap Smear Test among Women Attending Saad Abu Al Ella Hospital in Khartoum State, 2022

Drivers of cervical cancer prevention and management in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative synthesis of mixed studies

Cervical cancer prevention: Human papillomavirus testing as primary screening

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