Barrier island management: Lessons from the past and directions for the future

Oost, A.P.; Hoekstra, P.; Wiersma, Ane; Flemming, Burghard W.; Lammerts, Evert Jan; Pejrup, Morten; Hofstede, Jacobus; Valk, Bert van der; Kiden, Patrick; Bartholdy, Jesper; Berg, Mandy; Vos, P.C.; Vries, Sierd de; Wang, Zheng Bing

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.07.010

Cited by 81 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…There are five barrier islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea with a watershed behind each of them. These watersheds divide the Wadden Sea into a series of tidal basins (Oost et al, 2012). The current paper addresses two basic questions, which have been of interest for several decades, about the hydrodynamics of the Dutch Wadden Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual circulation and freshwater transport in the Dutch Wadden Sea: a numerical modelling study

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The Dutch Wadden Sea is a region of intertidal flats located between the chain of Wadden Islands and the Dutch mainland. We present numerical model results on the tidal prisms and residual flows through the tidal inlets and across one of the main watersheds. The model also provides insight into the pathways of fresh water originating from the two sluices at the Afsluitdijk (enclosure dike) through the use of passive tracers. All these results are obtained from threedimensional numerical simulations carried out with the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM), at a horizontal resolution of 200 m and with terrain-following vertical coordinates with 30 layers. We concentrate on the years 2009-2010, for which we impose meteorological forcing, freshwater discharge, and boundary conditions for tidal forcing and storm surges. Results from the model show an excellent agreement with various observational data sets for sea surface height, temperature, salinity and transport through the Texel Inlet. The simulations show that although tides are responsible for a characteristic pattern of residual transport through the inlets, the wind imposes a large variability on its magnitude and can even invert its direction during strong southwesterly winds. Even though these events are sporadic, they play an important role in the flushing of the Dutch Wadden Sea, as they strongly diminish the flushing time of fresh water. In addition, wind can force a residual transport across the Terschelling watershed of the same order, if not larger, than through any of the main tidal inlets, despite the fact that its tidal prism is much smaller than any of those of the inlets. For the pathways of fresh water, the Terschelling watershed turns out to be more important than was previously thought, while the opposite holds for the Vlie Inlet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual circulation and freshwater transport in the Dutch Wadden Sea: a numerical modelling study

et al. 2014

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“…Regional baseline studies have been carried out for the Delta Programme (Oost et al 2010), the Quality Status Report Wadden Sea (Oost et al 2009) and the Wadden Academy ). The main climate pressures on the Wadden region are projected to be (1) temperature rise, (2) sea level rise, (3) changes in wind and wave climate, including heavier storm surges and wave set-up, and (4) precipitation increase in winter, decrease in summer, with increase in heavy rain showers (van den Hurk et al 2006;KNMI 2009).…”

Section: The Regional Study For the Wadden Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change is projected to change the probability of extreme events, which may cause dykes to fail flood protection standards. With sea level rise, the Wadden Sea will require more sediment Oost et al 2009). This is expected to result in increased erosion of the islands and ebb-tidal deltas and additional requests for sand replenishment (Delta Commissioner 2010).…”

Section: Potential Climate Change Impacts On Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the combination of projected sea level rise, storm occurrence and heavier storm surges can affect channel formation, undermine sea defences and compromise the safety of ports and industry in areas outside the sea defences. Soil subsidence adds to the relative sea level rise (Dobben and Slim 2012;Oost et al 2010).…”

Section: Potential Climate Change Impacts On Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key factor is whether natural sedimentation of the mudflats and tidal marshes will keep up with sea level rise or whether they will drown, significantly changing the character of the Wadden Sea. A contributing factor is that at many places, dykes, artificial dune rows and other human intervention limit autonomous adaptation such as sedimentation on the islands and a landward shift of the salt marshes (Dobben and Slim 2012;Oost et al 2012).…”

Section: Potential Climate Change Impacts On Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Method selection in adaptation research: the case of the Delta Programme for the Dutch Wadden region

2015

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Many methods are available to support adaptation planning. Yet there is little guidance on their selection. A recently developed diagnostic framework offers a structured set of criteria to choose research methods for specific adaptation questions. It has been derived from science-driven cases mostly. This paper offers the first application to a policy-driven case. Thus, it aims to (1) assess the descriptive quality of the framework for adaptation planning and (2) reflect on its value in supporting method selection. The paper focuses on the research commissioned for adaptation policymaking by the Dutch Delta Programme in the Wadden region. It compares the research methods used in the Delta Programme with those suggested by the diagnostic framework. It concludes that the selection of methods in the adaptation planning process can be described quite well by the decision trees of the diagnostic framework. Deviations occurred mostly for pragmatic reasons when the selection is informed by practical limitations of the policymaking process, such as available resources, time constraints and experience of the involved experts. It is recommended to enrich the diagnostic framework with methods from adaptation practice and consult it in climate adaptation studies at an early stage.

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Observations of waves and currents during barrier island inundation

et al. 2017

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Overwash and inundation on barrier islands can transport sediment onshore, leading to vertical accretion. These processes could ensure barrier island growth in times of sea‐level rise, but wave and current fields during overwash and inundation are not well understood. Field data of water levels, waves, and currents were collected on a barrier island in the Netherlands to investigate the hydrodynamics during island inundation. Observations show that even in shallow water depths (<0.5 m) wave energy was not completely dissipated as waves propagated from the North Sea onshore. Additionally, locally generated wind waves entered the field area from the Wadden Sea and propagated offshore. Infragravity waves were an important part of the wave field, particularly onshore of the beach crest. They were observed to be onshore progressive and displayed a bore‐like shape when water depths were shallow. Wave breaking was the dominant dissipation mechanism for high‐frequency waves as well as for infragravity waves, which is in agreement with prior research on infragravity wave energy dissipation on mild sloping (closed‐boundary) beaches. A large‐scale offshore directed water‐level gradient between the Wadden Sea and the North Sea side, caused by elevated water levels in the Wadden Sea during the storms, frequently drove an offshore flow if it was large enough to exceed the cross‐shore gradient due to wave setup. In addition, elevated water levels in the Wadden Sea decreased current velocities due to a decrease in water‐level gradients. This study highlights the influence of back‐barrier processes on the hydrodynamics during inundation.

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Barrier island management: Lessons from the past and directions for the future

Cited by 81 publications

References 52 publications

Residual circulation and freshwater transport in the Dutch Wadden Sea: a numerical modelling study

Residual circulation and freshwater transport in the Dutch Wadden Sea: a numerical modelling study

Method selection in adaptation research: the case of the Delta Programme for the Dutch Wadden region

Observations of waves and currents during barrier island inundation

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