Bark of Passiflora edulis Treatment Stimulates Antioxidant Capacity, and Reduces Dyslipidemia and Body Fat in db/db Mice

Abstract

Obesity is considered an important risk factor for several disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, which are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress as a trigger factor. Passiflora edulis contains important bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, carotenoids, vitamin C, and polyamines in pulp, leaves, seeds, and bark. Aim: To evaluate the effect of bark of Passiflora edulis (BPe) on body composition, and metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in genetically obese mice. Methods: Obese male db/db mice (n = 14 animals) received normal feeds and water ad libitum for 8 weeks. Then, animals were randomly divided to continue either receiving standard chow (obese, n = 7 (OB)) or feed with standard chow plus bark Passiflora edulis (BPe) (obese + BPe, n = 7 (OB + BPe)) for 8 more weeks, totaling 16 weeks. BPe was added to chow (7 g of BPe/kg of chow corresponding to 1.5 g/kg of body weight). The parameters evaluated in animals included food and caloric intake, body weight, body fat, plasma glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Malondialdehyde and antioxidant capacity were evaluated in plasma and organs. Groups were compared by Student t-test, with p < 0.05. Results: BPe reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat deposit and adiposity index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, ameliorated the antioxidant capacity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Conclusion: the bark of Passiflora edulis was effective in improving body composition, and metabolic and antioxidant parameters in obese mice.

Comparison of in vitro antioxidative activities of crude methanolic extracts of three species of Passiflora from greenhouse using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods

“…These antioxidant properties were linked with flavonoids determined in the ethanol extract (mainly vicenin, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin). In comparison, recently Panelli et al [54] exerted that extract from the fruit bark (exocarpium and mesocarpium) of P. edulis increased the antioxidant capacity in vivo in plasma, kidney, liver, adipose tissue of db/db mice by inhibition of 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid and also reduced the lipid oxidation in kidney and liver using method with malondialdehyde. In vitro test showed additionally that this extract inhibited DPPH with value 1.1 µM equiv.…”

“…Earlier studies showed that various extracts from leaves of many Passiflora species contain these groups of phytochemicals and they may have contributed to their excellent radical scavenging ability. Most studies were carried out for extracts from fruits of P. edulis [48,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. To the best of our knowledge, any studies evaluating the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of P. caerulea leaves have been conducted so far.…”

“…flavicarpa [48], methanolic extract from pulp of P. glandulosa [49], methanolic extracts from peel of fruits, leaves and stems of P. palmeri var. sublanceolata, P. nitida, P. tenuifila, P. coriacea, P. foetida [50], extracts of peel of P. edulis [51,52], of seeds of P. edulis [53], of bark (exocarpium and mesocarpium) of P. edulis [54], various preparations of P. incarnata [55][56][57], fruit juices from seven passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) cultivars: P. edulis cultivars Purple, Frederick, Yellow, Pink, P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. maliformis and P. quadrangularis [58], aqueous extract from leaf of P. edulis [59,60], ethanolic and fractionated extract from leaf of P. mucronata [61], fractionated extracts from leaves and stems of P. quadrangularis and P. maliformis [62], of P. alata [63], hydroethanol leaf extract of P. nitida [64], acetone extract of P. subpeltata leaves [65].…”

The diets of sows with fish oil might decrease the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in sows, but increase the susceptibility to inflammatory response in their offspring

“…In our study, at the age of 14 days, the TG level in the plasma of sucking piglets was reduced, but the levels of ALT,AKP,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in the plasma of sucking piglets were increased in the FD group. ALT and AKP is positively correlated with the degree of abnormal liver tissue [20][21][22]. IL-10 is an anti-in ammatory regulatory cytokine, which could induce antibody production and improve anti-in ammatory ability [23].…”

Efeitos do Consumo de Produtos e Subprodutos do Maracujá (Passiflora edulis) nas Doenças Crônicas não Degenerativas

“…Paralelo a isso, há grande capacidade de aproveitamento, desconhecidas por muitos, onde esses resíduos passam a ser matéria prima para elaboração de vários produtos alimentícios como doces, geleias, bolos, barras de cereal e óleos (SILVA et al, 2015;SANTOS, 2017;MAIA, 2018). Já a casca de maracujá, composto de flavedo e albedo (parte branca) é constituída por carboidratos, proteínas e é rica em fibras, estas de suma importância para a prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares (PANELLI et al, 2018;QUEIROZ, 2018;SATIJA;HU, 2018). Na casca destaca-se a presença da pectina que é uma fibra solúvel que além de dar sensação de saciedade, facilita o trânsito intestinal e auxilia na redução do índice glicêmico, ademais, é fonte de niacina (vitamina B3), ferro, cálcio e fósforo (MORENO, 2015;MÜLLER;CANFORA;BLAAK, 2018;SILVA, 2018;DE ALBUQUERQUE et al, 2019).…”