Bark beetle-caused mortality in a drought-affected ponderosa pine landscape in Arizona, USA

Negrón, José F.; McMillin, Joel D.; Anhold, John A.; Coulson, Dave

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.002

Cited by 149 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These pests may either interact closely with climate to tip trees and forests past their thresholds (Negrón et al 2009), or purely function as secondary factors (Worrall et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden forest canopy collapse corresponding with extreme drought and heat in a mediterranean-type eucalypt forest in southwestern Australia

et al. 2013

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Drought and heat-induced forest dieback and mortality are emerging global concerns.Although Mediterranean-type forest (MTF) ecosystems are considered to be resilient to drought and other disturbances, we observed a sudden and unprecedented forest collapse in a MTF in Western Australia corresponding with record dry and heat conditions in 2010/2011.An aerial survey and subsequent field investigation were undertaken to examine: the incidence and severity of canopy dieback and stem mortality, associations between canopy health and stand-related factors as well as tree species response. Canopy mortality was found to be concentrated in distinct patches, representing 1.5% of the aerial sample (1,350 ha).Within these patches, 74% of all measured stems (> 1cm DBHOB) had dying or recently killed crowns, leading to 26% stem mortality six months following the collapse. Patches of canopy collapse were more densely stocked with the dominant species, Eucalyptus marginata, and lacked the prominent midstorey species Banksia grandis, compared to the surrounding forest. A differential response to the disturbance was observed among cooccurring tree species, which suggests contrasting strategies for coping with extreme water stress. These results suggest that MTFs, once thought to be resilient to climate change, are susceptible to sudden and severe forest collapse when key thresholds have been reached.

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“…These pests may either interact closely with climate to tip trees and forests past their thresholds (Negrón et al 2009), or purely function as secondary factors (Worrall et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden forest canopy collapse corresponding with extreme drought and heat in a mediterranean-type eucalypt forest in southwestern Australia

et al. 2013

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“…Habitats or microsites suitable for species populations during adverse periods can prevent extirpation and maintain sources for subsequent colonization and expansion. Finally, climate events synchronize widespread ecological disturbances, including wildfires, windstorms, pest outbreaks, and drought dieback (59,(68)(69)(70)(71)(72), providing opportunities for rapid colonization by species with propagule sources in the vicinity. All of these factors can interact with climate variability to maintain net forward motion of the invasion ratchet.…”

Section: Historical Contingencies and Ecological Ratchetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and the ratchet of events: Climate variability, niche dimensions, and species distributions

Jackson¹,

Betancourt

Booth

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

456

468

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Climate change in the coming centuries will be characterized by interannual, decadal, and multidecadal fluctuations superimposed on anthropogenic trends. Predicting ecological and biogeographic responses to these changes constitutes an immense challenge for ecologists. Perspectives from climatic and ecological history indicate that responses will be laden with contingencies, resulting from episodic climatic events interacting with demographic and colonization events. This effect is compounded by the dependency of environmental sensitivity upon life-stage for many species. Climate variables often used in empirical niche models may become decoupled from the proximal variables that directly influence individuals and populations. Greater predictive capacity, and morefundamental ecological and biogeographic understanding, will come from integration of correlational niche modeling with mechanistic niche modeling, dynamic ecological modeling, targeted experiments, and systematic observations of past and present patterns and dynamics.biogeography ͉ climate change ͉ paleoecology ͉ regeneration niche

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“…Insect-driven mortality events have been dramatic and cause for alarm among land managers in fire-prone conifer forests of western North America. Many of these forests have been impacted by drought and fire suppression, which have influenced insect population dynamics and host physiological status [62,63]. In this respect, insect outbreaks are a useful model for disease in that tree mortality is driven by environmental changes including climate dynamics and land management.…”

Section: Insect-fire Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, biotic disturbances are strongly influenced by the coincidence of environmental conditions favorable to establishment or outbreak suggesting that dynamic ecosystems should be expected in some circumstances (Figure 2; example 3). Oscillating dynamics where host populations recover and provide the basis for future outbreaks are a common pattern in many tree mortality events driven by native organisms [35,51,62]. Intensifying outbreaks resulting from climate-change-associated shifts in temperature, precipitation, and resulting host-stress appears likely given documentation of landscape-level declines in host physiological status and its impact to plant defense [3,4,37].…”

Section: Frontiers In the Study Of Disease-disturbance Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Diseases as a Cause and Consequence of Interacting Forest Disturbances

Cobb

Metz

2017

Forests

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Abstract:The disease triangle is a basic and highly flexible tool used extensively in forest pathology. By linking host, pathogen, and environmental factors, the model provides etiological insights into disease emergence. Landscape ecology, as a field, focuses on spatially heterogeneous environments and is most often employed to understand the dynamics of relatively large areas such as those including multiple ecosystems (a landscape) or regions (multiple landscapes). Landscape ecology is increasingly focused on the role of co-occurring, overlapping, or interacting disturbances in shaping spatial heterogeneity as well as understanding how disturbance interactions mediate ecological impacts. Forest diseases can result in severe landscape-level mortality which could influence a range of other landscape-level disturbances including fire, wind impacts, and land use among others. However, apart from a few important exceptions, these disturbance-disease interactions are not well studied. We unite aspects of forest pathology with landscape ecology by applying the disease-triangle approach from the perspective of a spatially heterogeneous environment. At the landscape-scale, disturbances such as fire, insect outbreak, wind, and other events can be components of the environmental 'arm' of the disease triangle, meaning that a rich base of forest pathology can be leveraged to understand how disturbances are likely to impact diseases. Reciprocal interactions between disease and disturbance are poorly studied but landscape ecology has developed tools that can identify how they affect the dynamics of ecosystems and landscapes.

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Bark beetle-caused mortality in a drought-affected ponderosa pine landscape in Arizona, USA

Cited by 149 publications

References 38 publications

Sudden forest canopy collapse corresponding with extreme drought and heat in a mediterranean-type eucalypt forest in southwestern Australia

Sudden forest canopy collapse corresponding with extreme drought and heat in a mediterranean-type eucalypt forest in southwestern Australia

Ecology and the ratchet of events: Climate variability, niche dimensions, and species distributions

Tree Diseases as a Cause and Consequence of Interacting Forest Disturbances

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