Barium-selective electrodes based on neutral carriers and their use in the titration of sulfate in combustion products

Laeubli, M. W.; Dinten, O.; Pretsch, E.; Simon, W.; Voegtle, F.; Bongardt, Frank; Kleiner, T.

doi:10.1021/ac00291a005

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A higher discrimination of Ba 2+ was obtained with a macrocyclic triester diether compound ( Sr 2+ -1 , log (SSM): −1.6; 1,2-dichloroethane, cellophane film) but in this case Ca 2+ interfered more strongly (log −0.5) . The best characterized Sr 2+ ISE with a discrimination of both Ba 2+ and Ca 2+ seems to be an ISE with a diamide that was synthesized in the course of a study of Ba 2+ selective electrodes ( Sr 2+ -2 , log (SSM): Ba 2+ , −0.7; Ca 2+ , −1.4; other alkali and alkaline earth metal ions <−3.3; oNPOE, KTpClPB; selectivity estimated here from log as given in the original paper) . A promising discrimination of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ was also found for several rather hydrophilic benzo-18-crown-6 derivatives, suggesting that the Sr 2+ selectivity is markedly enhanced by the introduction of a side arm with two or more oxygens.…”

Section: Sr2+ Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of more lipophilic derivatives with a longer backbone containing more oxygens was subsequently investigated, giving very diverse patterns for the discrimination of interfering ions. ,, The choice of an appropriate ionophore for a specific application would depend strongly on the type of possibly interfering ions. Whereas two ionophores with four ether oxygens showed a good discrimination of Ca 2+ and Sr 2+ but a rather weak discrimination of alkali ions (e. g. Ba 2+ -3 , log (SSM): Ca 2+ , −2.3; Sr 2+ , −2.0; K + , −1.2; Na + , −1.7; oNPOE, KTpClPB), an ionophore with only three ether oxygens showed an opposite selectivity pattern ( Ba 2+ -4 , log (SSM): Ca 2+ , −1.7; Sr 2+ , −0.2; K + , −2.7; Na + , −2.7; oNPOE, KTpClPB) .…”

Section: Ba2+ Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors

1998

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and 1991, respectively. He has been working in the field of chemical sensors since 1970. Further topics of his interest are spectroscopic databases, automatic spectra interpretation, and modeling of structure−property relationships. He has published over 180 papers and 7 books. Current activities in the fields of chemical sensors and computer-aided analytical chemistry are documented on the web page http://www/ceac.ethz.ch/pretsch/. His e-mail address is pretsch@ org.chem.ethz.ch.

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Section: Sr2+ Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ba2+ Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors

1998

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“…They are less preferred than calcium ions by 3.5 orders of magnitude, but if calcium is absent, the other tested ions are still reasonably discriminated, even when compared to the commercially available barium ionophore I. 27 A fresh releasing membrane was conditioned in and backfilled with barium chloride solutions for the purpose of releasing barium ions. The electro-release of barium into the sample containing sodium sulfate was achieved at 20 mA current pulses, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Precipitation Titrations To Estimate Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Selective coulometric release of ions from ion selective polymeric membranes for calibration-free titrations

Bhakthavatsalam

Shvarev

Bakker

2006

Analyst

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Coulometry belongs to one of the few known calibration-free techniques and is therefore highly attractive for chemical analysis. Titrations performed by the coulometric generation of reactants is a well-known approach in electrochemistry, but suffers from limited selectivity and is therefore not generally suited for samples of varying or unknown composition. Here, the selective coulometric release of ionic reagents from ion-selective polymeric membrane materials ordinarily used for the fabrication of ion-selective electrodes is described. The selectivity of such membranes can be tuned to a significant extent by the type and concentration of ionophore and lipophilic ion-exchanger and is today well understood. An anodic current of fixed magnitude and duration may be imposed across such a membrane to release a defined quantity of ions with high selectivity and precision. Since the applied current relates to a defined ion flux, a variety of non-redox active ions may be accurately released with this technique. In this work, the released titrant's activity was measured with a second ionophore-based ion-selective electrode and corresponded well with expected dosage levels on the basis of Faraday's law of electrolysis. Initial examples of coulometric titrations explored here include the release of calcium ions for complexometric titrations, including back titrations, and the release of barium ions to determine sulfate.

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“…[70] Yet, the implementation of targeted nanomedicine in the clinic has not come of age so far, with few formulations currently in clinical studies. [71] A number of recently published reviews have discussed in detail many of the challenges that have to be overcome in order to successfully translate targeting to the clinic. [72] We want to highlight two important aspects that are highly relevant for the success of this approach for precision medicine.…”

Section: Designing Nanoparticles For Improved Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology for Precision Cancer Medicine

et al. 2019

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology are two fields that are instrumental in realizing the goal of precision medicine—tailoring the best treatment for each cancer patient. Recent conversion between these two fields is enabling better patient data acquisition and improved design of nanomaterials for precision cancer medicine. Diagnostic nanomaterials are used to assemble a patient‐specific disease profile, which is then leveraged, through a set of therapeutic nanotechnologies, to improve the treatment outcome. However, high intratumor and interpatient heterogeneities make the rational design of diagnostic and therapeutic platforms, and analysis of their output, extremely difficult. Integration of AI approaches can bridge this gap, using pattern analysis and classification algorithms for improved diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy. Nanomedicine design also benefits from the application of AI, by optimizing material properties according to predicted interactions with the target drug, biological fluids, immune system, vasculature, and cell membranes, all affecting therapeutic efficacy. Here, fundamental concepts in AI are described and the contributions and promise of nanotechnology coupled with AI to the future of precision cancer medicine are reviewed.

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Barium-selective electrodes based on neutral carriers and their use in the titration of sulfate in combustion products

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors

Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors

Selective coulometric release of ions from ion selective polymeric membranes for calibration-free titrations

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology for Precision Cancer Medicine

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