“…In a similar vein, Skelton (1993, p. 296) identifies elements such as: "Getting drunk, fooling around, showing your naked body in public, displaying toughness, heterosexual conquest, respecting hierarchy and ridiculing weakness." Although most of the literature focuses upon male jock cultures, female jock cultures, such as in women's ice hockey (Theberge, 1997), rugby (Chase, 2006;Ezzell, 2009) and soccer (George, 2005), exhibit very similar components, albeit the heterosexism prevalent in men's jock cultures does not appear to be so endemic among sportswomen (Harris, 2005). Excessive alcohol consumption, however, certainly appears to be a key component in many jock cultures among both men and women (Sparkes et al, 2007).…”