Bap-dependent biofilm formation by pathogenic species of Staphylococcus: evidence of horizontal gene transfer?

Tormo, María Ángeles; Knecht, Erwin; Götz, Friedrich; Lasa, Íñigo; Penadés, José R.

doi:10.1099/mic.0.27865-0

Cited by 258 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Surprisingly, the #2056 showed strong biofilm formation and it is thus reasonable to consider it has a major variation in the ica operon or it has a different locus which plays an important role in biofilm development. Recent studies have shown a PIA-independent mechanism mediating biofilm formation in clinical isolates of S. epidermidis and S. aureus [14,28] and a biofilm-associated protein (Bap) being involved in strains isolated from chronic mastitis cases [29] and S. aureus [30]. Similarly, Simojoki et al [3] found that primers used for detecting bap and other biofilm-associated genes do not identify all CNS capable of biofilm production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The icaA gene in staphylococci from bovine mastitis

Rumi

Huguet

Bentancor

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are frequently isolated from cows with mastitis. A main virulence factor of CNS is the ability to adhere and form biofilms. The intercellular gene cluster adhesion (ica) operon is one factor involved in biofilm production although ica-independent factors are also involved. Previous reports based on the results of S. epidermidis and S. aureus suggested that ica is highly conserved between species, but this detection decreases in other CNS biofilm producers. In this study we evaluated the presence of the icaA gene in strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the milk of bovines with mastitis. Methodology: Thirty-seven staphylococci strains were evaluated by detecting the icaA gene. A new set of PCR primers was designed by consensus region of eight staphylococci from GenBank. Species characterization was performed using the Kloos and Schleifer scheme. Results: We identified the presence of the gene in S. aureus (n:4), S. chromogenes (n:4), and S. sciuri strains (n:2). We also, identified the presence of the gene in S. xylosus (n:5) for the first time. The icaA gene was not detected in S. capitis (n:1), S. epidermidis (n:2), S. hominis (n:2), S. saccharolyticus (n:1), S. simulans (n:4) and S. saprophyticus (n:3). The icaA gene was detected in 40.54% (15/37) of the CNS evaluated. Conclusions: Our results confirm the presence of the ica operon in various species of CNS pointing to polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) as the most important component for the formation of biofilms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The icaA gene in staphylococci from bovine mastitis

Rumi

Huguet

Bentancor

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…There is general agreement that biofilms are the basis for persistent or chronic bacterial infections . The implication of biofilms in chronic infections has triggered an increasing interest in the organization of genes involved in biofilm formation (Caizza and O'Toole, 2005;Tormo et al, 2005). The icaADBC cluster, an operon present in S. aureus and S. epidermidis, participates in biofilm formation by encoding proteins involved in the synthesis of a biofilm matrix polysaccharide (Cucarella et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus for Biofilm Formation Ability

Goyal¹

2014

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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The objective of the study was to characterize Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from human and animal clinical cases for their biofilm formation ability by genotypic and phenotypic methods. A total of 130 S. aureus strains isolated from human wound (n = 20), animal wound (n = 70) and animal mastitis (n = 40) cases were subjected to screening for 3 different biofilm associated genes (bap, icaA and icaD) and for phenotypic assessment for biofilm formation using Congo red agar, modified Congo red agar and microtitre plate assay. PCR assays were standardized for the detection of bap, icaA and icaD genes. The results indicated that icaA gene was present in 51.15% of the isolates and bap gene was present in 8.46% isolates. None of the isolates were positive for icaD gene. Human isolates (65%) had higher occurrence of icaA gene in comparison to animal isolates (49.09%). Dog wound isolates had higher occurrence of bap gene. Of the 3 methods used for phenotypic expression of biofilm by S. aureus isolates modified Congo red agar method showed 86.92% isolates to be positive, whereas by Congo red agar method only 63.07% S. aureus were found to be biofilm producer. Microtitre plate assay showed 75.38% S. aureus isolates to be biofilm producers. A good correlation was observed between genotypic and phenotypic biofilm formation ability of the isolates. Bap gene contained isolates showed higher biofilm producing ability compare to icaA gene harbored isolates.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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“…The lower detection of icaA, and therefore the differences in the prevalence rates can be attributed to the variation in DNA sequences. This may lead to failed amplification of the genes in some isolates and consequently false negative results (Tormo et al, 2005;Ferrer et al, 2012;Darwish and Asfour, 2013). Since ica locus is responsible for the production of intracellular adhesion polysaccharide (PIA) (Krewer et al, 2015) and thus forming the multiple layer of cell in a slime matrix characteristic of the staphylococcal biofilm (Darwish and Asfour, 2013), the presence of icaA or icaD negative strain, with biofilm production in Congo Red Agar and microplate assay isolates, can be accounted for by an ica gene independent control of slime production/adhesion mechanism (Liberto et al, 2009).…”

Section: Phenotypic and Genotypic Biofilm Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and production of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from buffalo milk and milking environment

Almeida¹,

Pizauro²,

Rossi³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The interest in production of buffalo milk is increasing in Brazil due to its physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics. However, just as sheep, goats and cows are susceptible to mastitis, so are buffaloes, which is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In this regard, biofilm formation, the ability to escape host immune defense and virulence factor, is presumably a key factor for acute and chronic intra-mammary infection in buffaloes. In this study, biofilm forming capabilities and virulence genes were evaluated in S. aureus isolated from buffalo milk and milking environments, using phenotypic and genotypic assays. Thirty two S. aureus strains isolated from buffalo milk, milking machines and milkers' hands were obtained from a farm in Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil. Samples were collected in April, June, October and November 2013. These strains were tested for the presence of sa442, icaA, icaD, clfA, clfB, sarA and hla genes, slime production using Congo Red Agar (CRA), and biofilm formation using microtiter assay. All samples of S. aureus were positive for CRA and microtiter assay. Although, icaA and icaD genes were simultaneously detected in nine of the 32 samples, none of the samples were positive for icaA; only seven were positive for icaD gene. This suggests that other factors may be involved in biofilm formation. Seventeen strains of S. aureus were positive for sarA gene, nine for clfA gene, 16 for clfB and 16 for hla. A great variability in SmaI restriction profiles of S. aureus strains was observed. Thirty isolates were typified and two strains were not by SmaI restriction. In addition, 18 pulse types were detected. It is hypothesized that biofilm can be produced by the expression of icaD gene only. Our findings suggest that S. aureus strains from buffalo milk and milking environment are similar, which contradict the findings obtained from bovine strains. This behavior may contribute to the persistence of mastitis in buffalo caused by S. aureus, which results in a potential zoonotic problem. Our results may bring new insights into the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of bubaline mastitis.

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Bap-dependent biofilm formation by pathogenic species of Staphylococcus: evidence of horizontal gene transfer?

Cited by 258 publications

References 44 publications

The icaA gene in staphylococci from bovine mastitis

The icaA gene in staphylococci from bovine mastitis

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus for Biofilm Formation Ability

Identification and production of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from buffalo milk and milking environment

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