Bangkok's mass rapid transit system's commuter decision-making process in using integrated smartcards

Factors affecting state railway of Thailand (SRT) passenger train service use decision: A structural equation model

“…These concepts are consistent with Kaewwongwattana et al [ 51 ], who evaluated the potential for a common ticketing system in Bangkok and found that personal characteristics such as ego and lifestyle significantly influenced the decision-making process.…”

“…According to Kaewwongwattana et al [ 51 ], Bangkok's most critical urban problems today relate to transportation issues and the decision to use them, with the inglorious title of the 'world's worst commute ' having been given to Bangkok. This is because commuters can now spend an average of up to 2 h daily commuting to and from their workplace [ 52 ].…”

“…Simultaneously, commuter rail systems have grown extensively, supporting the transition from private vehicles to commuter rail systems [ 11 , 51 ]. Interestingly, gentrification and urban resident type (condos vs. shophouses) have also been proven to be a factor in Bangkok's commuter rail or private vehicle use [ 55 ].…”

“…Therefore, when developing a mass-transit passenger payment system, it is essential that passenger ease of use, types of users, and trips be considered. Other factors include revenue collection simplicity, attractiveness to commuters, intermodality, revenue sharing and clearing simplicity, revenue maximization, and the reduction of fraud [ 51 , 56 ]. Furthermore, an often-cited method for decision use and passenger/commuter satisfaction is applying the 7Ps marketing mix [ 8 , 57 ].…”

Mass Rapid Transit Operation and Maintenance Cost Calculation Model

“…One strategy used to address such challenges is an MRT network, which carries passengers faster and safer than other rail systems, while simultaneously reducing environmental pollution from road vehicles [3]. MRTs can be linked with other modes of mass transport (buses and trains) to comprehensively serve metropolitan area commuters using an integrated smartcard ticketing system [4]. erefore, railbased public transport has become a critical element of urban infrastructures and accordingly has become a focus of increasing attention in research and practice as a solution for social problems accruing from urbanization, traffic congestion, and safety, as well as global warming by CO 2 emissions in both developed and developing countries [5].…”