Dropping from the peak of 88 million passengers back in 1994, Thailand's state railway system today is transporting less than 50% of its maximum. Operations run at a loss, with infrastructure and aged equipment contributing to significant delays and a continuing loss of passengers. In late 2017 however, a new 20-year, $US81.57 billion plan was proposed to save the SRT from its downward spiral. The researchers therefore undertook a study to survey 500 Thai state railway (SRT) civil servants. Each was given a 5-level Likert-type agreement scale questionnaire, containing 51 items concerning their personal characteristics, their attitudes, human resource management processes, the use of the balanced scorecard for improvement, their perspectives on SRT's organizational culture, and the SRT's total quality management program. LISREL 9.1 was used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and then structural equation model (SEM) was applied to analyze the results. The results have determined that organizational culture had the greatest impact on total quality management, followed by attitudes, human resource management, and finally, the balanced scorecard. It is also interesting to note that the surveyed SRT staff consider organizational change as the most important aspect in improving efficiency, while staff evaluation and reward system were rated as least effective for total quality management.
The study aims to examine the impact of green economic infrastructure on environmental sustainability in one belt and road initiative (OBRI) and sub-regional OBRI economies for the period 1990 to 2019. The study uses two proxies to measure green economic infrastructure namely green logistics and use of the internet. For empirical investigations, the study adopts 2SLS and GMM approaches. Our 2SLS findings demonstrate that green logistics increases CO2 in OBRI and central Asia and reduces CO2 in Europe and MENA. However, GMM findings report that green logistics increases CO2 in OBRI, central Asia, and MENA and reduces CO2 in Europe. While in case of internet, 2SLS findings show that internet use reduces CO2 in OBRI, East and Southeast Asia Europe and increases CO2 in MENA. While GMM findings reveal that use of internet reduces CO2 in OBRI and Europe and increases in East and Southeast Asia and MENA. Based on the findings, environment policies can be revised for OBRI economies.
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