Bang-bang aspects of manual control in high-order systems

Abstract

Absfraci-The tendency of many human operators to respond in a bang-bang fashion when controlling some high-order systems is investigated. A threemode switch is compared with a linear control stick and shown to permit better manual control of some systems with more lag than double integration. In experiments requiring stabilization of a moving base flight simulator programmed as an unstable system (undamped inverted pendulum), operators use the linear control stick in a bang-bang fashion. In place of quasi-linear models for these situations, a simple on-off model for the human is suggested, and the switching lines and error trajectories in the phase plane are presented. The ability to control an unstable system with visual and motion cues is compared.

Analysis of Pilot-Induced-Oscillation and Pilot Vehicle System Stability Using UAS Flight Experiments

“…These observations suggest that the "Phastball" pilot should be approximated as a bang-bang controller in a fully developed Category 2 PIO for "Phastball" . The actuator rate limiting and the doublet trigger made the pilot to increase the gain with bang-bang control being the worst-case gain scenario [42,43] and also the pilot command consists of significant dead band. This particular way of applying the describing function approach is suitable for a single non-linearity.…”

“…To address this issue, the stability analysis of "Phastball" is further carried out using PVS simulations (with the pilot modeled as a bang-bang controller [42,43]) and by comparing the simulated results with actual flight data. The simulation includes both dead band and rate limiting non-linearity.…”

Analysis of delays in networked flight simulators

“…For more about the Cross-Over model, its application and deficiencies, and new modified approaches, one may refer to [50,[52][53][54][55].…”

“…Motor noise Kleinman et al [55] have shown that their optimal control model works well for both simple and complex tracking tasks. In simple tracking, they considered three sets of plant dynamics k k K, -, 2 in validation experiments.…”

A DSP-Based Switching Motor Controller

“…Recently, bang-bang control has many useful applications, such as temperature control in a furnace or thermostat, motor switching control [6] or impact control in robots [7]. The relative effectiveness of switching bang-bang controllers versus linear controllers was investigated by comparison to human behavior in an experiment which investigated the tendency of human operators to behave in bang-bang fashion when controlling some high-order systems when a linear alternative was available [8]. It was concluded that for the class of systems for which fine motor control about the referrence is unnecessary, switching bang-bang control is more intuitive and can be performed without sacrificing performance.…”