Ball-milling properties and sintering behavior of Al-based Gd2O3–W shielding materials used in spent-fuel storage

Cong, Shengyi; Ran, Guang; Li, Yipeng; Chen, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.029

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…With the increase in the Eu 2 O 3 content, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation decreased gradually. The decrease in the value can be attributed to a higher concentration of Eu 2 O 3 in the matrix, leading to more agglomeration of the Eu 2 O 3 particles and weakening their mechanical bonding with the matrix [ 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 Composites Prepared by Vacuum Hot Pressing

Zhou

Yue

et al. 2023

Materials

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Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 composites were designed as new control rod materials and were synthesized from Ni, Cr, and Eu2O3 mixture powders via ball milling and vacuum hot pressing. During ball milling, Eu2O3 was fined, nano-crystallized, amorphized, and then dissolved into matrix. The effect of Eu2O3 content on the microstructure and mechanics was researched, and the corresponding mechanism was discussed. The relative densities, grain sizes, and microhardness increased when Eu2O3 content increased. According to the TEM observations, Eu2O3 particles showed a semi-coherent relationship with the matrix. The results of mechanical property testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation decreased with the Eu2O3 content increased. The maximum ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation were 741 MPa, 662 MPa, and 4%, respectively, with a 5 wt.% Eu2O3 addition. The experimental strengths were well matched with the theoretical values calculated by the strengthening mechanisms indicating that this method was highly effective for predicting the mechanical properties of Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 Composites Prepared by Vacuum Hot Pressing

Zhou

Yue

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…At an equivalent content, Gd exhibits a thermal neutron absorption capacity more than four times greater than that of 10 B, and it comes at a significantly reduced cost, ranging from 1/12 to 1/5 of 10 B [13]. Furthermore, Gd effectively mitigates helium bubble formation during neutron absorption reactions, thus extending the service life of neutron-absorbing and -shielding materials [14]. Substituting Gd for B in the production of thermal-neutron-absorbing and -shielding materials presents a solution to the content-performance dilemma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Various Stainless Steels Containing Gadolinium as Thermal Neutron Absorbing and Shielding Materials

Oh,

Ahn,

Jung

et al. 2023

Metals

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Developing next-generation thermal-neutron-shielding and -absorbing materials for the safe storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuel is a topic of active research in academia. Gadolinium (Gd) boasts superior neutron absorption capacity compared with other nuclei. Consequently, it has garnered significant attention as a potential replacement for boron in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) applications. In this study, the austenitic stainless steels 304 and 316 and the duplex stainless steel 5A were reinforced with 2 wt.% of gadolinium to explore their thermal-neutron-absorbing efficiency. Their properties were then compared with commercial-grade borated stainless steel, as per ASTM standard A887. After the inclusion of Gd, both the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloys slightly increased, which was attributed to the evenly distributed Gd intermetallics within the matrix. However, the elongation rate was reduced. The Charpy impact absorption energy also decreased. The influence of the Gd intermetallic was further explored by examining the fractography. While the corrosion resistance of the alloy slightly diminished after the addition of Gd, its neutron absorption capacity demonstrated superior performance, especially when the Gd content was equivalent to that of boron. Although most properties of the experimental alloy deteriorated after the Gd addition, they still outperformed commercial borated stainless steel, suggesting that this alloy might be a promising candidate for SNF applications.

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“…The melting point of Gd 2 O 3 is 2350 °C. Meanwhile, it possesses stable chemical activity, good anti-oxidation activity and good shock resistance, which makes it suited to serving in extreme environments [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The structure of TBCs can be modified and become stable via interaction with oxide co-doped yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconia ceramic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, how does the added Gd 2 O 3 enhance the material properties used in TBCs? This requires the properties of the pure Gd 2 O 3 , while there are few reports on the properties of Gd 2 O 3 [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. By consulting the relevant literature [ 19 , 21 , 22 , 29 ], it can be found that there are no detailed values for the thermal physical properties, including the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, as well as mechanical properties, including elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness of the pure Gd 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This requires the properties of the pure Gd 2 O 3 , while there are few reports on the properties of Gd 2 O 3 [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. By consulting the relevant literature [ 19 , 21 , 22 , 29 ], it can be found that there are no detailed values for the thermal physical properties, including the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, as well as mechanical properties, including elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness of the pure Gd 2 O 3 . Therefore, in this work, Gd 2 O 3 bulks were made with which to study the microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal physical properties, which made the foundations for the wider application of materials in TBCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Properties of Densified Gd2O3 Bulk

et al. 2022

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In this work, Gd2O3 bulks were sintered at temperatures ranging from 1400 °C to 1600 °C for times from 6 h to 24 h, and their microstructure and properties were studied for a wider application of materials in thermal barrier coatings. The densification of the Gd2O3 bulk reached 96.16% when it was sintered at 1600 °C for 24 h. The elastic modulus, hardness, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity of the bulks all increased with the rise in sintering temperature and extension of sintering time, while the coefficient of thermal expansion decreased. When the Gd2O3 bulk was sintered at 1600 °C for 24 h, it had the greatest elastic modulus, hardness, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity of 201.15 GPa, 9.13 GPa, 15.03 MPa·m0.5 and 2.75 W/(m·k) (at 1100 °C), respectively, as well as the smallest thermal expansion coefficients of 6.69 × 10−6/°C (at 1100 °C).

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Ball-milling properties and sintering behavior of Al-based Gd2O3–W shielding materials used in spent-fuel storage

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 Composites Prepared by Vacuum Hot Pressing

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 Composites Prepared by Vacuum Hot Pressing

Characterization of Various Stainless Steels Containing Gadolinium as Thermal Neutron Absorbing and Shielding Materials

Microstructure and Properties of Densified Gd2O3 Bulk

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