Ball milling-assisted sol–gel route to Li4Ti5O12 and its electrochemical properties

Yan, Guofeng; Fang, Haisheng; Zhao, Huijuan; Li, Guangshe; Yang, Yong; Li, Liping

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.03.017

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, we also find a weak feature at 274 cm −1 assigned to F2g modes in Fig. 3, and this comment is well consistent with the results reported by Aldon et al [20] and Yan et al [21]. These Raman-allowed modes are the feature of the spinel structure (A1g + Eg + 3F2g) for the spinel O 7 h spectroscopic point symmetry group [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Preparation Of Lithium Ion Batteriessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These Raman-allowed modes are the feature of the spinel structure (A1g + Eg + 3F2g) for the spinel O 7 h spectroscopic point symmetry group [19][20][21][22][23][24]. The strong bands at 233 cm −1 can be assigned to the characteristic modes F2g, and the strong peak centered at 674 (680) cm −1 accompanying a shoulder (743 cm −1 ) is assigned to A1g mode; the broad peak at 424 cm −1 can be assign to Eg mode, and the weaker band appeared at 344 cm −1 are attributed to F2g [19][20][21][22][23][24]. This observation demonstrated the formation of phase-pure Li 4 [25,26].…”

Section: Preparation Of Lithium Ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and physical properties of Li4Ti5O12 synthesized at deoxidization atmosphere

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2011

Ionics

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Powders of spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) were successfully synthesized at reducing conditions by solid-state method. The structure and physical properties of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and differential capacitance, respectively. XRD shows that both samples are single-phase spinel compounds. LTO synthesized in Ar/H 2 (8% mol) has a larger lattice parameter than that in Ar. SEM indicates that all of the prepared powders have the uniform, nearly cubic structure morphology with narrow size distribution in the range of 200-300 nm. Raman spectra indicate that the Raman bands corresponding to the Ti-O vibration has a blue shift from 674 to 680 cm −1 due to the few H 2 in the synthesized condition, indicating that there is very few oxygen vacancies in the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 synthesized under Ar/H 2 (8% mol). The dQ/dV vs. voltage plots reveals the redox potentials for the synthesized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -negative electrode materials.

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Section: Preparation Of Lithium Ion Batteriessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Preparation Of Lithium Ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and physical properties of Li4Ti5O12 synthesized at deoxidization atmosphere

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2011

Ionics

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“…Various techniques for the preparation of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 have been reported in the literature. These include emulsion gel [8], spray drying [9], hydrothermal [10], ball-milling [11], solvothermal synthesis [12], solid-state reaction [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and sol-gel method [20][21][22][23]. Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is usually synthesized by the solid-state route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of Li4Ti5O12

Alias

Kufian

Teo

et al. 2009

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…7 In recent years, various methods were investigated to prepare LTO materials, such as solid-state method, [8][9][10][11] sol-gel method [12][13][14][15] and hydrothermal method. 16,17 In solid-state method, the reaction is usually conducted at 800-1000 ℃ for prolonged time for pure and well crystallized material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Nanoparticles Prepared with Gel‐hydrothermal Process as a High Performance Anode Material for Li‐ion Batteries

et al. 2010

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Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) nanoparticles were prepared by gel-hydrothermal process and subsequent calcination treatment. Calcination treatment led to structural water removal, decomposition of organics and primary formation of LTO. The formation temperature of spinel LTO nanoparticles was lower than that of bulk materials counterpart prepared by solid-state reaction or by sol-gel processing. Based on the thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal gravimetric (DTG), samples calcined at different temperatures (350, 500 and 700 ℃) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emitting scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammogram and charge-discharge cycling tests. A phase transition during the calcination process was observed from the XRD patterns. And the sample calcined at 500 ℃ had a distribution of diameters around 20 nm and exhibited large capacity and good high rate capability. The well reversible cyclic voltammetric results of both electrodes indicated enhanced electrochemical kinetics for lithium insertion. It was found that the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode material prepared through gel-hydrothermal process, when being cycled at 8 C, could preserve 76.6% of the capacity at 0.3 C. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity can reach up to 160.3 mAh•g -1 even after 100 cycles at 1 C, close to the theoretical capacity of 175 mAh•g -1 . The gel-hydrothermal method seemed to be a promising method to synthesize LTO nanoparticles with good application in lithium ion batteries and electrochemical cells.

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Ball milling-assisted sol–gel route to Li4Ti5O12 and its electrochemical properties

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

Structure and physical properties of Li4Ti5O12 synthesized at deoxidization atmosphere

Structure and physical properties of Li4Ti5O12 synthesized at deoxidization atmosphere

Synthesis and characterization of Li4Ti5O12

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Nanoparticles Prepared with Gel‐hydrothermal Process as a High Performance Anode Material for Li‐ion Batteries

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Ball milling-assisted sol–gel route to Li4Ti5O12 and its electrochemical properties

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

Structure and physical properties of Li4Ti5O12 synthesized at deoxidization atmosphere

Structure and physical properties of Li4Ti5O12 synthesized at deoxidization atmosphere

Synthesis and characterization of Li4Ti5O12

Li4Ti5O12 Nanoparticles Prepared with Gel‐hydrothermal Process as a High Performance Anode Material for Li‐ion Batteries

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Product

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Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Nanoparticles Prepared with Gel‐hydrothermal Process as a High Performance Anode Material for Li‐ion Batteries