Ball Mill–assisted Preparation of Nano-CaCO₃ as a Novel and Green Catalyst–based Eggshell Waste

Abstract

Ball mill-assisted preparation of nano-bio Calcite (CaCO 3 ) based on avian shell and its application as a novel, biodegradable, and heterogeneous catalyst with high catalytic activity and reusability in the green and high efficient synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyrans via a condensation reaction of different aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one at 120 C under solvent-free conditions is reported. The reaction proceeds to completion within 5-30 min in 90-98% yield. The nanocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis, and laser particle sizer.

A comparative study of waste eggshells, CaCO3, and SiC-reinforced AA2014 green metal matrix composites

“…Even though there have been several attempts to use chicken eggshell components for a variety of applications, its chemical composition and accessibility make chicken eggshell a probable source of biofiller-reinforced composites giving additional or improved thermal and mechanical properties. 9–15 The other advantages of using chicken eggshell are its availability in bulk quantity with lightweight and being economical and environmental friendly. Although chicken eggshell is the waste product and very hazardous to our society having 94% CaCO 3 , the question arises, if chicken eggshell contains 94% CaCO 3 , then why we are not using directly commercial calcium carbonate containing 100% CaCO 3 in the fabrication of metal matrix composite.…”

Optimization of Production Process of Nano-Calcium Oxide from <i>Pinctada maxima</i> Shell by Using Taguchi Method

“…The specific surface area is one of the most crucial parameters in determining heterogeneous catalyst quality because the bigger the catalyst surface area is, the more its particle pore sites are, so the collision process or mobilization between reactant particles in a reaction can happen more actively and quickly [29][30]. In this study, the engineering of the surface area of calcium oxide particles from the P. maxima shells was carried out through the green nanotechnology approach [21] by using PPF-UG Shaker mill equipment, Taguchi experimental design and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Mean and SNR surface area from each experiment are shown in Table 4.…”

“…The third step, experiment for nano-calcium oxide production. The product making the process from the pearl oyster (P. maxima) shell is according to Mosaddegh et al method which has been combined its production process parameter according to Table 3 [21].…”

Influence of precipitation hardening parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded AA2014/eggshells green composites

“…Therefore, the waste eggshell can be considered as carbonate-based material from chemical and physical viewpoint. 4,5 SEM image of carbonized eggshell powder was shown in Figure 1(e).…”