Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans

Khezri, Abdolaziz; Dounis, A.; Dunn, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1979.tb02873.x

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…115 In men, circumcision is helpful in LS of the foreskin and meatal dilation, meatotomy or meatoplasty for meatal stenosis. 116,117 Extra-genital LS can be responsive to low-dose ultraviolet (UV) A1 phototherapy. 118 Treatment failure occurs due to non-compliance (from steroid phobia), secondary candidiasis or development of malignancy, due to sensory problems like dysaesthetic vulvodynia or as a consequence of scarring.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen sclerosus

et al. 2005

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Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin and mucosa, presenting to genitourinary physicians and dermatologists. It affects both sexes and all age groups. Although the exact aetiology is uncertain, genetic predisposition, infections and autoimmune factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Symptoms include pruritus and soreness, but asymptomatic presentations are not uncommon. The classical clinical picture is of atrophic white plaques in the anogenital region. Histopathology is specific with basal cell degeneration, upper dermal oedema, homogenization of collagen and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Short courses of potent topical corticosteroids form the mainstay of treatment. The condition tends to be remitting and relapsing, with spontaneous regressions reported in a few. In men, the term balanitis xerotica obliterans is sometimes used to describe late and severe LS of the penis. Scarring and progression to squamous cell carcinomas can occur in chronic LS, resulting in significant morbidity. A multidisciplinary approach to care and the need for long-term monitoring cannot be overemphasized.

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Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen sclerosus

et al. 2005

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“…The role of surgery is better documented for penile LS, either to improve symptoms due to phimosis, which has failed to respond to a trial of an ultrapotent topical corticosteroid, or symptoms due to meatal stenosis. Two reviews (52 patients in total) document satisfactory results from circumcision for LS of the foreskin, and meatal dilatation, meatotomy or meatoplasty for meatal stenosis 75,76 …”

Section: Surgery Laser Photodynamic Therapy and Cryotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus

2002

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“…The glans mucosa becomes thick and dry with meatal involvement and stenosis. Patients have been frequently treated by many drugs as androgenotherapy, corticotherapy or by circumcision, dilatations, meatotomy or meatoplasty which is con sidered an effective treatment of meatal stenosis due to LSA [14], However, the most important problem of LSA remains the malig nant transformation with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the glans penis [1,[4][5][6][7], A 4.4% incidence of squamous cell carcinoma has been reported by Wallace [ 15] giving the impression that this is a rare lesion in men. Other precancerous lesions of the penis have been described as Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat, condy loma, Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, but is rarely reported as a cause of malignant degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%