Balanço energético para a produção de biodiesel pela cultura da mamona (Ricinus communis L.)

Abstract

Balanço energético para a produção de biodiesel pela cultura da mamona (Ricinus communis L.) 1 Energy balance for biodiesel production by the castor bean crop (Ricinus communis L.) Palavras-chave -Eficiência energética. Consumo de energia. Produção de energia.Abstract -The castor bean crop (Ricinus communis L.) has acquired prestige due to industries interest in the oil quality and recently for new sources of energy demand. The experiment that served as basis for the data used in this study was conducted at the Lageado Experimental Farm, in Botucatu -SP, 2008. This study aimed to avaluate the crop viability through energy balance and energy efficiency since the implantation until biodiesel production using parameters of consumption in operational management for installation and maintenance of culture harvest and oil production. The soil management operations, sow and harvest consumed the total of 266.20 MJ ha -1 , gathering with the fertilizers, pesticides, fuels, lubricants, labor, seed and industrial processing totaled 56,808 MJ ha -1 of energy inputs. The energy production was 72,814.00 MJ ha -1 . The industry still lacks studies thal would contribution data collection and more specific energy coefficients. The castor beans cultivation was considered efficient allowing again of 15983.44 MJ ha -1 equivalent to about 415 liters of diesel oil.

Energy Balance of Irrigated and Rainfed Sorghum Production

“…However, the productivity increase in the area under irrigation during the whole cycle reached 85.89% (Table 4). Fertilizers and diesel oil were the main energy inputs (Figure 3) likewise observed by Checheto et al (2010) and Jordan et al (2012a), coming after only electricity, the main input in irrigated areas given the power consumed by the pumping system.…”

Energetic analysis of landrace varieties and hybrids of corn produced in different technological levels of management

“…Similar results were found by JASPER et al (2010), to characterize the power consumption for direct seeding of Crambe abyssinica. On the other hand, castor beans, under conventional cultivation, presented the highest energy expenditure during the preparation of the soil (CHECHETTO et al 2010). SALLA et al (2010a) reported that the most representative items of the technical itinerary in the production of corn under a conventional management were the inputs, with 77.5% of total cultural inputs.…”

Impacto energético da irrigação por gotejamento no cultivo de mamona

“…Para esta mesma lâmina, a cultivar IAC 2028 apresentou relação de 2,59. Chechetto et al (2010), trabalhando com mamona, verificaram valor de 2,45, para a relação entre energia dos grãos e energia utilizada na fase agrícola (semeadura à colheita), para uma produtividade de 1.400 kg ha Gazzoni et al (2007) e Chechetto et al (2010). Em segundo lugar, vem o óleo diesel e lubrificantes, sendo superados pela energia elétrica apenas no tratamento com lâmina de irrigação de 162,0 mm, onde esta representou 27% da energia empregada.…”

“…Chechetto et al (2010) consideraram desprezível a energia referente à mão de obra, em seu estudo, já que todas as operações foram mecanizadas. Campos et al (2009) Figura 4.…”

“…O consumo de diesel para 1,0 hectare, com base no consumo verificado no preparo do experimento, foi estimado em 50 L para o preparo do solo (aração e gradagens) e 8 L para a semeadura (abertura de sulcos). A energia dos lubrificantes e filtros foi estimada em 5% da energia do combustível (Chechetto et al 2010). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, a 1% e 5%, respectivamente.…”