Balancing the Need for Reliability and Time Efficiency: Short Forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III

Jeyakumar, Sharon L. E.; Warriner, Erin M.; Raval, Vaishali V.; Ahmad, Saadia

doi:10.1177/0013164403258407

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Subjects in the adult group were administered the same subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III; Wechsler, 1997). Mean reliability and validity of this estimated IQ-score compared to the complete IQ-test has been reported to be .9 for both scales (Jeyakumar et al, 2004;Spreen and Strauss, 1998). The mean IQ-score was 95.0 (SD 11.0) in the adolescent group and 102.2 (SD 12.4) in the adult group.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Electrophysiological evidence for different effects of working memory load on interference control in adolescents than adults

Spronk¹,

Jonkman²

2012

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The present study investigated how the development of interference control is influenced by the development of working memory (WM) capacity during adolescence. In a dual-task, 17 adolescents (12-16 years) and 19 adults (18-48 years) performed a gender word-face Stroop task, while WM-capacity was manipulated by a concurrently performed N-back task. Behavior (reaction times, % errors and % misses) and event-related potentials associated with the detection (N450) of the Stroop conflict and response selection (sustained positivity; SP) were measured without or with a concurrent WM load. Adolescents had lower accuracy on N-back and Stroop trials than adults. N450 results showed Stroop conflict above temporal-occipital cortex which was suggested to be caused by processing of distracter faces. This N450 conflict response was smaller in adults and only present when holding a simultaneous WM-load, whereas adolescents' N450 conflict responses were already present without a concurrent WM-load and did not further increase with load. These N450 results indicate poorer distracter suppression in adolescence which is suggested to be due to insufficient attentional resources for top-down control. Irrespective of WM-load, adolescents also had larger parietal SP conflict responses than adults, suggesting inefficient response selection in case of activation of two conflicting responses. The main conclusion is that adolescents have worse distracter suppression than adults, caused by lower availability of resources for top-down control.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Electrophysiological evidence for different effects of working memory load on interference control in adolescents than adults

Spronk¹,

Jonkman²

2012

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Additionally, the Block Design and Vocabulary Subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-III) (Nascimento, 2004) were used to estimate participant intelligence quotient (IQ) based on the values provided by (Jeyakumar, Warriner, Raval, & Ahmad, 2004).…”

Section: Procedures and Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Clustering in Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorder

Cotrena

Branco

Ponsoni

et al. 2017

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objectives: Cognitive dysfunction is a key feature of major depressive (MDD) and bipolar (BD) disorders. However, rather than a single cognitive profile corresponding to each diagnostic categories, recent studies have identified significant intra-and cross-diagnostic variability in patterns of cognitive impairment. The goal of this study was to contribute to the literature on cognitive heterogeneity in mood disorders by identifying cognitive subprofiles in a population of patients with MDD, BD type I, BD type II, and healthy adults. Methods: Participants completed a neuropsychological battery; scores were converted into Z-scores using normative data and submitted to hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: Three distinct neuropsychological clusters were identified: (1) a large cluster containing mostly control participants, as well as some patients with BD and MDD, who performed at above-average levels on all neuropsychological domains; (2) a cluster containing some patients from all diagnostic groups, as well as healthy controls, who performed worse than cluster 1 on most tasks, and showed impairments in motor inhibition and verbal fluency; (3) a cluster containing mostly patients with mood disorders with severe impairments in verbal inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Conclusions: These findings revealed multiple cognitive profiles within diagnostic categories, as well as significant cross-diagnostic overlap, highlighting the importance of developing more specific treatment approaches which consider patients' demographic and cognitive profiles in addition to their diagnosis. (JINS, 2017, 23, 584-593)

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“…When these were not available, subjects were administered a shortened version of the WAIS-III, in which IQ was based on the subtests Block Design and Vocabulary (Jeyakumar, Warriner, Raval, & Ahmad, 2004). The WAIS-III Picture Arrangement subtest was used as a measure of social logical reasoning.…”

Section: Potential Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the influence of psychopathy, hostility biases, and automatic processing on criminal offenders' Theory of Mind

Nentjes

Bernstein

Arntz

et al. 2015

International Journal of Law and Psychiatry

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Theory of Mind (ToM) is a social perceptual skill that refers to the ability to take someone else's perspective and infer what others think. The current study examined the effect of potential hostility biases, as well as controlled (slow) versus automatic (fast) processing on ToM performance in psychopathy. ToM abilities (as assessed with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; RMET; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001), was compared between 39 PCL-R diagnosed psychopathic offenders, 37 non-psychopathic offenders, and 26 nonoffender controls. Contrary to our hypothesis, psychopathic individuals presented with intact overall RMET performance when restrictions were imposed on how long task stimuli could be processed. In addition, psychopaths did not over-ascribe hostility to task stimuli (i.e., lack of hostility bias). However, there was a significant three-way interaction between hostility, processing speed, and psychopathy: when there was no time limit on stimulus presentation, psychopathic offenders made fewer errors in identifying more hostile eye stimuli compared to nonoffender controls, who seemed to be less accurate in detecting hostility. Psychopaths' more realistic appraisal of others' malevolent mental states is discussed in the light of theories that stress its potential adaptive function.

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Balancing the Need for Reliability and Time Efficiency: Short Forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III

Cited by 63 publications

References 12 publications

Electrophysiological evidence for different effects of working memory load on interference control in adolescents than adults

Electrophysiological evidence for different effects of working memory load on interference control in adolescents than adults

Neuropsychological Clustering in Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorder

Examining the influence of psychopathy, hostility biases, and automatic processing on criminal offenders' Theory of Mind

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