Balancing of modular multilevel converters with unbalanced integration of energy storage devices

Henke, Gerrit; Bakran, Mark-M.

doi:10.1109/epe.2016.7695265

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Since the arm currents are not identical with split ESS, the change in current imposes more stress on semiconductors [14]. Similarly, the rectified current that flows across the SM toward the capacitor, i u,l smx , will change, see Fig.2.…”

Section: Analysis On Submodule Capacitor Ripplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…i u,l smx = i es (t) The values of the ac and dc currents can be calculated as a function of the ac and dc powers and considering the power flow within the converter (14). Then the circulating currents were deduced from (9), (10).…”

Section: Analysis On Submodule Capacitor Ripplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no vertical power transfer must occur in the phase legs b, c which contain no ES-SMs. By controlling the circulating current in these phases in quadrature with the respective lower and upper arm voltages, only reactive power can be transferred whilst (6) is still respected [14].…”

Section: Integrating Ess In One Armmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This new degree of freedom allows to maintain the energy balance even with a not regular storage allocation by utilizing circulating currents. It is usually done at the cost of higher semiconductor load [14]. However no information on capacitor voltage ripple, which is prevailing to determine the size of a SM, or simulation results have been provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Impact of Split Storage within Modular Multilevel Converter

Errigo

Chédot

Venet

et al. 2019

IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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The introduction of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and the electricity market liberalization have pointed out the need to upgrade the current electricity transmission network. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system is potentially the key. Recent advances in power electronics have allowed the introduction of power converters in power system applications as the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). In the same perspective, grid scale Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) have broadly appeared. The dual purposing to combine both systems can provide a completely new solution. Even though each submodule (SM) within modular converter can have its own ESS, decreasing the number of energy storage submodules (ES-SMs) may be required to reduce the cost. This paper deals with the opportunities to introduce split storage into an MMC. The analysis is focused on the internal energy exchange to maintain the proper function of the converter by using circulating current. Analysis shows that, SM capacitor voltage ripple or semiconductors load are greatly influenced by additional circulating current injection. This study helps to design embedded ESSs in the converter to provide new function like ancillary services for power system operation. Finally, a simulation of an MMC with ESS confirms analytical calculations.

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Section: Analysis On Submodule Capacitor Ripplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis On Submodule Capacitor Ripplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integrating Ess In One Armmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of the Impact of Split Storage within Modular Multilevel Converter

Errigo

Chédot

Venet

et al. 2019

IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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show abstract

“…By adding submodules (SMs), modular multilevel converters (MMCs) can achieve high voltage conversion ratio without increasing the voltage stress of components. Additionally, for MMCs [25,26], the high voltage and large size batteries can be distributed into several relatively smaller ones by connecting them with SMs. However, the battery cells are series connected to achieve a high voltage level, which requires BMS for them, resulting in high complexity [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Multi-Port Ultra-High Power Level Power Converter Integrated with Energy Storage for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission

Song

Li²,

et al. 2018

Energies

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To connect renewable energy sources (RESs) with a unity-grid, energy storage (ES) systems are essential to eliminate the weather fluctuation effect, and high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is preferred for large-scale RESs power plants due to the merits of low cost and high efficiency. This paper proposes a multi-port bidirectional DC/DC converter consisting of multiple modules that can integrate ES system and HVDC transmission. Thanks to the adoption of three-port converters as submodules (SMs), ES devices, for example, batteries, can be decentralized into SMs and controlled directly by the SMs. Additionally, SMs are connected in a scalable matrix topology, presenting the advantages of flexible power flows, high voltage step-up ratios and low voltage/current ratings of components to satisfy the requirements of HVDC transmission. Furthermore, the control flexibility and fault tolerance capability are increased due to the matrix topology. In this paper, the analysis of the novel modular multi-port converter is introduced, and its functions are verified by the simulation results in PSIM.

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Design and control of modular multilevel matrix converter with symmetrically integrated energy storage for low frequency AC system

Tang,

Zhang,

2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Integrating energy storage units (ESUs) into part of sub‐modules (SMs) enables the decoupling active power control for the modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C). The low frequency AC (LFAC) system based on M3C with symmetrically integrated energy storage (SI‐AM3C) can provide functions such as renewable power fluctuation smoothing and other power grid auxiliary services, which is attractive in engineering practices. This paper focuses on the design and control of SI‐AM3C. For the converter design, an evaluation method for the number of required active SMs (ASMs) is presented. On this basis, the influences of different system operating conditions on the ASM requirement are analyzed in case studies, and the effects of specific circulating injection strategies are also investigated. The control system targeted at decoupled AC side active power for SI‐AM3C is introduced. A modified inner‐arm capacitor voltage balance strategy is introduced to reduce the capacitor voltage deviation between ASMs and passive SMs (PSMs). The conclusions related to the presented estimation method and converter control strategy are verified by time‐domain simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC.

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Balancing of modular multilevel converters with unbalanced integration of energy storage devices

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Assessment of the Impact of Split Storage within Modular Multilevel Converter

Assessment of the Impact of Split Storage within Modular Multilevel Converter

Modular Multi-Port Ultra-High Power Level Power Converter Integrated with Energy Storage for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission

Design and control of modular multilevel matrix converter with symmetrically integrated energy storage for low frequency AC system

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