Balancing conservation priorities for grassland and forest specialist bird communities in agriculturally dominated landscapes

Zwaan, Devin R. de; Alavi, Niloofar; Mitchell, Greg W.; Lapen, David R.; Duffe, Jason; Wilson, Scott

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109402

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Saat ini, secara global lanskap buatan di luar kawasan dilindungi telah dikembangkan sebagai bagian terintegrasi untuk konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dengan kawasan dilindungi (de Zwaan et al, 2022;Htay et al, 2022), sehingga lanskap buatan termasuk juga di dalamnya lanskap pedesaan merupakan bagian penting dalam mendukung konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. Konservasi dilakukan tidak hanya memandang batas status kawasan karena keanekaragaman hayati dapat hidup melewati batas-batas administratif (Puri et al, 2022).…”

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Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat

Fajri

Kurnia

2022

Poltanesa

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Burung adalah komponen unik ekosistem yang dapat dijumpai di berbagai lanskap termasuk lanskap pedesaan. Dominasi kegiatan pertanian menjadi ciri lanskap ini. Kecamatan Sukmakmur Kabupaten Bogor merupakan lanskap pedesaan yang belum pernah terdapat publikasi berkaitan dengan ornitologi di wilayah ini. Peran penting burung serta manfaatnya bagi lingkungan, menjadikannya alasan penting untuk melakukan penelitian yang terkait dengan keanekaragaman jenis burung di suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman jenis burung di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Maret sampai Mei 2021 di delapan tipe habitat yaitu hutan sengon, hutan akasia, kebun campuran, semak belukar, padang rumput, sawah, danau, dan sungai. Data burung diambil dengan metode IPA berukuran diameter 40 meter selama 10 menit. Data habitat diambil dengan mendeskripsikan kondisi vegetasi yang dominan. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk status jenis burung, sementara data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan chi-square, indeks keanekaragaman jenis, dan indeks kemerataan. Keanekaragaman jenis burung yang dijumpai sebanyak 35 jenis dari 22 suku dan 10 ordo tersebar di seluruh tipe habitat. Seluruh jenis burung merupakan catatan baru ornitologi untuk Kecamatan Sukamakmur. Enam jenis burung termasuk dilindungi perundangan Indonesia dan dua jenis termasuk dalam Daftar Apendiks CITES. Satu jenis burung yaitu Ayamhutan hijau (Gallus varius) termasuk jenis unik yang tidak dijumpai pada wilayah lain yang berdekatan sehingga menjadi ciri jenis burung di lanskap pedesaan Kecamatan Sukamakmur. Jenis burung paling banyak ditemukan di habitat kebun campuran dan padang rumput (25 jenis burung), sementara yang paling sedikit adalah habitat sawah (tujuh jenis burung). Tiga jenis burung dapat ditemukan di seluruh tipe habitat. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung tertinggi di habitat sungai (H’=2,71) dan terendah di habitat hutan sengon (H’=1,67). Nilai indeks kemerataan jenis burung tertinggi di habitat hutan akasia (E=0,97) dan terendah di habitat sawah (E=0,70).

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Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat

Fajri

Kurnia

2022

Poltanesa

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“…We also found that agriculture positively influenced the presence of hedgerows, which are frequently used by this guild for breeding and movement and have been shown elsewhere to benefit richness and abundance of shrub-edge species across a range of ecosystems (Hinsley and Bellamy 2000 ; Benton et al 2003 ; Wilson et al 2017 ; Montgomery et al 2020 ). Thus, overall, shrub-edge bird richness is maximized in agricultural landscapes where fields are interspersed with forest edges and small or linear patches of woody vegetation (see also Fahrig et al 2015 ; Wilson et al 2017 ; de Zwaan et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have examined how the expansion of agriculture impacts species diversity in this ecosystem. Where native grasslands are rare or absent, the presence of agriculture creates open habitats that is beneficial for open country breeding birds, although there is intraspecific variation in the use of agricultural lands within the open country bird guild (Frei et al 2018 ; de Zwaan et al 2022 ). The presence of field edges and hedgerows (i.e., shrubby field margins) within agricultural lands can also provide breeding habitat and connectivity among patches for shrub and forest edge breeding species that prefer semi-open landscapes (Benton et al 2003 ; Fonderflick et al 2013 ; Wilson et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect effects of agricultural land cover on avian biodiversity in eastern Canada

Rabbetts

Fahrig²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2023

Biodivers Conserv

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Agriculture is one of the largest threats to global biodiversity. However, most studies have focused only on the direct effects of agriculture on biodiversity, and few have addressed the indirect effects, potentially over or under-estimating the overall impacts of agriculture on biodiversity. The indirect effect is the response not to the agricultural cover types or operations per se, but instead, to the way that agriculture influences the extent and configuration of different types of natural land cover in the landscape. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of agriculture on species richness of three bird guilds: forest birds, shrub-edge birds, and open country birds. We found that forest bird richness was driven by the negative indirect effect of cropland via forest loss. Shrub-edge and open country bird richness increased with the amount of agriculture land covers; however, importantly, we found negative indirect effects of agriculture on both guilds via a reduction in more natural land covers. This latter result highlights how we would have over-estimated the positive effects of agriculture on shrub-edge and open country bird richness had we not measured both direct and indirect effects (i.e., the total effect size is less than the direct effect size). Overall, our results suggest that a bird-friendly agricultural landscape in our region would have forest that is configured to maximize forest edge, and a high proportion of perennial forage within the agricultural portion of the landscape.

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“…To prevent overfitting, we simplified the arable crops into a single variable ("total crops"), and all of the forest subclasses were combined into a "total forest" class. Grassland and pasture were combined due to ecological similarity and a much larger proportion of pasture cover at the landscape scale (de Zwaan et al, 2022). Land cover was extracted from map products produced for each year (2016)(2017)(2018)(2019) in which the point counts took place.…”

Section: Habitat Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parts of eastern Canada, such as Ontario and Quebec, are characterized by vast areas of agricultural activity, primarily cash and livestock field cropping practices (de Zwaan et al, 2022). Prior to European settlement, this region was largely a combination of deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forests interspersed with lakes and wetlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and regional‐scale effects of hedgerows on grassland‐ and forest‐associated bird populations within agroecosystems

de Zwaan,

Hannah,

Alavi

et al. 2024

Ecological Applications

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Linear woody features (LWFs), like hedgerows along field edges, provide wildlife habitat and support biodiversity in agroecosystems. Assessments of LWFs usually focus on community‐level indices, such as species richness. However, effective conservation actions need to balance the contrasting habitat preferences of different wildlife species, necessitating a focus on population‐level effects in working landscapes. We assessed associations between LWFs and abundance for 45 bird species within an intensive agroecosystem in eastern Ontario, Canada. We used distance‐ and removal‐sampling methods across 4 years (2016–2019) to estimate local bird abundance in habitats representing a range of LWF densities. We also predicted abundance across a subset of the study region with and without LWFs to understand their contribution to regional population density. Associations between local bird abundance and LWFs were variable among species, but overall community effects were clearly positive, particularly for forest and shrubland species. At the site level, 20/45 species (44%) had higher densities associated with greater LWF presence on average, compared to 5/45 (11%) with negative associations. At the regional scale, LWFs had predicted benefits on total abundance for 31 species (69%), contributing to an estimated 20% increase on average. Positive effects were most pronounced in areas with greater agricultural land use (primarily field crops), suggesting LWFs may provide crucial habitat in heavily modified landscapes but have little to no additional benefit for the avian community in areas with greater existing heterogeneity and habitat retention. Species that responded negatively tended to be at risk with strong habitat preferences for intact forests or large, open grasslands and, thus, greater sensitivity to potential edge effects. With rapidly declining songbird populations and a global need for food security, conservation strategies that amplify biodiversity and enhance agricultural productivity through ecosystem services such as pest control, pollination, and water regulation are vital. We demonstrate the benefits of habitat heterogeneity in agroecosystems on songbird densities and highlight the need to integrate local and landscape‐level assessments in conservation planning. An effective, balanced strategy includes concentrating LWFs in areas of extensive arable crops, with habitat retention patches where possible, while maintaining heterogeneity through mixtures of natural habitats and pastoral farming in less intensive regions.

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Balancing conservation priorities for grassland and forest specialist bird communities in agriculturally dominated landscapes

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat

Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat

Direct and indirect effects of agricultural land cover on avian biodiversity in eastern Canada

Local and regional‐scale effects of hedgerows on grassland‐ and forest‐associated bird populations within agroecosystems

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