Balancing Chemical Equations by Systems of Linear Equations

Hamid, Ihsanullah

doi:10.4236/am.2019.107036

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Setting up the composition array and the coefficient matrix: B 00 00 00 00 x would involve using Gaussian elimination to obtain the reduced row echelon form (Gabriel et. al, 2015;Hamid, 2019). The algebraic method is still a step up from solving by inspection and the coefficients can be solved by hand if only a few equations are present or by making use of a suitable software package, such as MATLAB.…”

Section: Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for determining stoichiometric coefficients using minors of a matrix

Lombaard¹

2022

Preprint

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Spinel materials often have complex structures and as a result, balancing of reactions with these compounds by traditional methods become very time consuming. A method to calculate the stoichiometric coefficients for chemical reactions using first a modified matrix-inverse method and then an optimised method is proposed. Both methods are explored using linear algebra and the result demonstrated using a typical chromite reduction reaction.

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Section: Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for determining stoichiometric coefficients using minors of a matrix

Lombaard¹

2022

Preprint

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“…There are various teaching techniques used in dealing with the topic of Balancing Chemical Equations. Balancing by Inspection or commonly known as the Trial-and-Error Method, appears to be the most common while Balancing by Algebraic Method seems to be the least used (Hamid, 2019). The former, as the conventional teaching method in the topic, balancing chemical equations, could only be used for simple equations henceforth, when equations become complex, students are left confused on how to deal with them correctly.…”

Section: Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, Hamid (2019) exposed in his study that balancing equations by inspection does not systematically produce correct stoichiometric coefficients, thus, could only be applied to simple equations. He furthered that the strength of the algebraic method is that it could provide a systematic evaluation of the stoichiometric coefficients regardless of the complexity of the chemical reactants and products.…”

Section: Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of the algebraic method in the design and development of the ChemRxnCalc mobile application prototype

Cruz¹,

Libed²

2022

BERJ

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Responding to the need to create an “equitable learning space” for Chemistry students in the new normal classes, the authors designed a mobile application prototype named ChemRxnCalc. It is intended to help students balance chemical equations by predicting products and their coefficients from given chemical reactants accurately and using the algebraic method. Upon the development of the mobile application prototype for Android mobile phones, it was subjected to an initial validation by eight (8) Chemistry teachers deemed to be the subject-matter experts and which yielded a high usability percentage following the software quality requirements set by the ISO/IEC 25010. It is recommended for second-phase validation by students. This could be accomplished by uploading the e-tool to the RedCanvas learning management system (LMS) of the University. The initial target users are the Senior High School and College Students of San Beda University, Manila, and probably, the Mendiola Consortium who are taking up General Chemistry and/or Inorganic Chemistry. Consequently, once the ChemRxnCalc mobile application prototype has been validated by both experts and students, it is intended to be patented thru registration in the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPO). It is also targeted to be registered and uploaded in the Google Playstore and Apple Appstore for consumption of a bigger teacher and student population.ReferencesBraun V. & Clarke V. (2019) Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis, qualitative research in sport, exercise and health, 11:4, 589-597, http://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806Braunschweigh D. (n.d.) Input-process-output model. Rebus community. Programming Fundamentals. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International LicenseBritton, J. (n.d.) What is ISO 25010? https://www.perforce.com/blog/qac/what-is-iso-25010Calaprice, A. (2010) The quotable Einstein. http://www.goodreads.comCharnock, N. (2016). Teaching methods for balancing chemical equations: An inspection versus an algebraic approach. http://pubs.sciepub.com/education/4/7/2/index.htmlCreswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage., J.Creswell, J.W. and Plano Clark, V.L. (2011) Designing and conducting mixed methods research. (2nd Ed.), Sage Publications.Curtis, H. (1922). The algebraic method of balancing a chemical equation. Science, 56(1444), 258-260. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1647136Gabriel, C.I. & Onwuka, G.I. (2015) Balancing of chemical equations using matrix algebra. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3, 29-36.Gibbs, G. R. (2007). Qualitative research kit: Analyzing qualitative data. SAGE Publications, Ltd http://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208574Hamid, I. (2019). Balancing chemical equations by systems of linear equations. Applied Mathematics. 10. 521-526. 10.4236/am.2019.107036. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334396583_Balancing_Chemical_Equations_by_Systems_of_Linear_EquationsIPOPHIL (n.d.). Intellectual property office of the Philippines. http://wwww/iphophil.gov.phkotlinlang.org (n.d.). Kotlin.v.16.21 Website. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/faq.html#where-can-i-get-an-hd-kotlin-logoMacCuspie R.I. & Drake C. (2014). A framework for identifying performance targets for sustainable materials. Science Direct.1-2. 17-25Parker, C., Scott, S. and Geddes, A. (2019) Snowball sampling. SAGE Research Methods Foundations. (In Press) UN DESA (2020). SDGs Learning, Training and Practice- 2020 Edition Report. http://www.sdgs.un.orgRichey, R. (1994) Developmental research: The definition and scope. ERIC.ed.gov. http.ERIC.ed.https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED373753Saberon, C.B. (2021) Development and pilot validation of E-SCRIBE: An E-Learning aid that utilizes algebraic expressions in solving chemical reaction problems. An Unpublished Master Thesis. The National Teachers CollegeSutton, M. (2020, September 21). How to develop a new product (From concept to market). https://www.shopify.com.ph/blog/productdevelopment-processVasquez, J. (2018). The importance of mathematics in the development of science and technology [PDF]. http://verso.mat.uam.es/~juanluis.vazquez/reptmath.pdf

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“…Balancing of the chemical equation is one of the initial subjects taught in most preliminary chemistry courses (Hamid, 2019). A large number of research articles have been written on this topic for last two decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Concept of Linear Equation Systems in Balancing Chemical Reaction Equations

Johar

2020

ijgor

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This study discusses the equalization of chemical reactions using a system of linear equations with the Gaussian and Gauss-Jordan elimination. The results show that there is a contradiction in the existing methods for balancing chemical reactions. This study also aims to criticize several studies that say that the equalization of the reaction coefficient can use a system of linear equations. In this paper, the chemical equations were balanced by representing the chemical equation into systems of linear equations. Particularly, the Gauss and Gauss-Jordan elimination methods were used to solve the mathematical problem with this method, it was possible to handle any chemical reaction with given reactants and products.

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Balancing Chemical Equations by Systems of Linear Equations

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

A method for determining stoichiometric coefficients using minors of a matrix

A method for determining stoichiometric coefficients using minors of a matrix

Utilization of the algebraic method in the design and development of the ChemRxnCalc mobile application prototype

Application of the Concept of Linear Equation Systems in Balancing Chemical Reaction Equations

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