Balance in the source – sink system: a factor in crop productivity

Geiger, Donald R.; Servaites, Jerome C.; Shieh, Wen-Jang

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-89608-7.50014-9

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…The in vivo (initial) carboxylation activity of rubisco was strongly reduced by cold ( Fig. 4), in agreement with reports of cold sensitivity of photosynthesis which affect the activity of Calvin cycle enzymes, namely of rubisco (Geiger et al, 1992;Byrd et al, 1995;Allen and Ort, 2001). The effects on rubisco may arise from multiple factors, including direct damage to the protein or indirect effects through decreased activity of rubisco activase, feedback inhibition due to sugar accumulation or low substrate availability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Cold depression of photosynthesis is often attributed to the sensitivity of Calvin cycle enzymes, namely rubisco (Geiger et al, 1992;Byrd et al, 1995;Allen and Ort, 2001). In the Coffea species studied here, the in vivo initial activity was severely decreased even at moderately low temperature (15/10 8C) (Fig.…”

Section: Carboxylation Activity Of Rubiscomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photoprotection in the form of adequate levels of zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein and b-carotene in LHC and reaction centres is very important, since they prevent ROS production, promote ROS scavenging and allow proper assembly and stability of the LHC (Pogson et al, 1998;Havaux and Niyogi, 1999). Under cold, the presence of those pigments could become even more important, since some of the mechanisms that alleviate photooxidative stress, namely those that rely on enzymatic scavengers, might be compromised in vivo (Geiger et al, 1992;. In the present study, zeaxanthin strongly increased in all three species during the cold imposition, reaching the highest values after the chilling exposure ( Table 1).…”

Section: Photosynthetic Pigments and Thermal Energy Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Acclimation Ability and Photosynthesis among Species of the Tropical Coffea Genus

et al. 2003

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Three Coffea species (C. arabica cv. Icatu, C. canephora cv. Apoat and C. dewevrei) were tested in order to identify and study the mechanisms of tolerance to low, non-freezing temperatures. Several photosynthesis-related parameters were monitored during a 20-day period of gradual temperature decrease, from 25/20 8C (day/night) down to 15/10 8C, during chilling treatments (15/4 8C), and upon rewarming (25/20 8C). Differences were found among species, both during low temperature exposure and during rewarming. In general, Coffea species showed cold-induced photoinhibition of photosynthesis, which was attributable to biochemical (in vivo ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity and carbohydrate synthesis) and biophysical (antennae functioning, photosystem II efficiency and linear electron transport) inactivation, rather than to stomatal constraints. The moderately low temperature of 15/10 8C was enough to cause a negative impact on net photosynthesis (A), mostly due to low (initial) rubisco activity in all species. However, C. arabica cv. Icatu showed a higher tolerance to chilling and recovered quickly and completely upon rewarming, as assessed from the impacts on the photosynthetic machinery (e.g. A max , F o , F v /F m , F v ¢/F m ¢, q P , f e , rubisco activity) and on carbohydrate metabolism. Such lesser effects are likely to be related to the strong increases and higher contents of zeaxanthin, lutein and b-carotene that presumably increased the ability to dissipate excitation energy and contributed to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. During cold exposure, a significant reduction of the a/b carotene ratio, which is considered an acclimation feature, was observed solely in C. arabica cv. Icatu. However, C. canephora cv. Apoat and, especially, C. dewevrei showed to be highly cold-sensitive. In these latter species, the photoinhibitory impairments to photosynthesis were stronger, probably due to the lower contents of protecting pigments during chilling conditions that lead to a higher vulnerability to excess excitation energy. Moreover, the mesophyll impairments (e.g. A max , F v /F m , f e ) became significant even at moderately low temperatures of 15/10 8C, and a lower ability to recover after chilling exposure was observed. The limitation of in vivo rubisco activity and A max may have been due to substrate limitation, but disturbances in sugar metabolism could also play an important role in the expression of chilling sensitivity in C. canephora cv. Apoat and C. dewevrei.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Carboxylation Activity Of Rubiscomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photosynthetic Pigments and Thermal Energy Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Acclimation Ability and Photosynthesis among Species of the Tropical Coffea Genus

et al. 2003

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“…In Icatu, oxidative stress was in fact much more controlled, as inferred from (i) the maintenance ( • OH) or decrease (H 2 O 2 ) of ROS levels, (ii) the strong increase of some photoprotective pigments (e.g., zeaxanthin and lutein) and (iii) the maintenance of high activities of antioxidant enzymes (chloroplast Cu,Zn-SOD and APX), especially during the cold exposure period Ramalho et al, unpublished data). On the other hand, it is reasonable to admit that with temperatures close to 0ºC the antioxidative mechanisms based on enzymes will be severely suppressed in vivo (Geiger et al, 1992;Adams and Demmig-Adams, 1995), turning even more important the reinforcement of the xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) and β-carotene contents in the LHC (Pogson et al, 1998;Havaux and Niyogi, 1999;Karpinski et al, 2002). This justifies the strong increases (and the highest absolute contents) in those pigments in Icatu (and partially in Catuaí) and helps to explain its relatively high-cold tolerance Ramalho et al, unpublished results).…”

Section: Control Of Oxidative Stress As a Decisive Component Of Drougmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of drought and temperature stress on coffee physiology and production: a review

DaMatta

Ramalho

2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

474

398

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Overall, drought and unfavourable temperatures are the major climatic limitations for coffee production. These limitations are expected to become increasingly important in several coffee growing regions due to the recognized changes in global climate, and also because coffee cultivation has spread towards marginal lands, where water shortage and unfavourable temperatures constitute major constraints to coffee yield. In this review, we examine the impacts of such limitations on the physiology, and consequently on the production of mainly Coffea arabica and C. canephora, which account for about 99 % of the world coffee bean production. The first section deals with climatic factors and the coffee plant's requirements. The importance of controlling oxidative stress for the expression of drought and cold tolerance abilities is emphasized in the second section. In the third section, we examine the impacts of drought on cell-water relations, stomatal behaviour and water use, photosynthesis and crop yield, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, root growth and characteristics, and on drought tolerance. In the fourth section, the impacts of low positive and high temperatures on coffee physiology are discussed; some insights about effects of negative temperatures are also presented. Finally, the last section deals with shading in harsh environments as a mean of buffering climatic fluctuations, as well as of increasing environmental sustainability in coffee exploitation. Key words: Coffea, chilling, frost, heat, photosynthesis, water deficit, water use, yield.Impactos da seca e do estresse térmico sobre a fisiologia e a produção do cafeeiro: uma revisão: De modo geral, seca e temperaturas desfavoráveis são as principais limitações climáticas à produção do cafeeiro. A importância de tais limitações deve aumentar, em função das mudanças reconhecidas no clima global e, também, porque a cafeicultura vem sendo expandida para regiões marginais onde secas e temperaturas desfavoráveis se constituem em grandes limitações à produção do café. Nesta revisão, analisam-se os impactos de tais limitações sobre a fisiologia, e por extensão sobre a produção, principalmente de Coffea arabica e C. canephora, que respondem por cerca de 99 % da produção mundial. A primeira seção deste trabalho aborda as exigências climáticas do cafeeiro. Na segunda seção, enfatiza-se a importância do controle do estresse oxidativo para a expressão da capacidade de tolerância à seca e ao frio. Na terceira, examinam-se os impactos da seca sobre as relações hídricas em nível celular, comportamento estomático e uso da água, fotossíntese e produção, metabolismo do carbono e do nitrogênio, caracterís-ticas e respostas de crescimento das raízes, além da tolerância à seca. Na quarta seção, discutem-se impactos tanto de baixas temperaturas positivas como de altas temperaturas sobre a fisiologia do cafeeiro; apresentam-se, também, algumas informações sobre efeitos de temperaturas negativas. Finalmente, na última seção, discute-se sobre o sombreamento como um meio de tamponament...

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“…A alocação de energia para reserva, na forma de compostos de carbono, aumenta as chances de sobrevivência das plântulas, pois permite melhor superação de períodos de estresse ou perturbações (Geiger et al, 1992;Poorter & Kitajima, 2007). Uma das características de espécies tolerantes ao alagamento é a presença de reservas adequadas para sustentar a glicólise e o metabolismo energético em anóxia (Drew, 1997;Sousa & Sodek, 2002).…”

Section: ª Folhaunclassified

Efeitos de uma atmosfera enriquecida com CO2 sobre a fotossíntese, o crescimento e o metabolismo de carboidratos do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)

Mortari¹

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Balance in the source – sink system: a factor in crop productivity

Cited by 12 publications

References 96 publications

Cold Acclimation Ability and Photosynthesis among Species of the Tropical Coffea Genus

Cold Acclimation Ability and Photosynthesis among Species of the Tropical Coffea Genus

Impacts of drought and temperature stress on coffee physiology and production: a review

Efeitos de uma atmosfera enriquecida com CO2 sobre a fotossíntese, o crescimento e o metabolismo de carboidratos do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)

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