Balance and harmony in the Gallup World Poll: The development of the Global Wellbeing Initiative module

Lomas, Tim; Ishikawa, Yoshiki; Diego-Rosell, Pablo; Daly, Joe; English, Cynthia; Harter, Jim; Standridge, Priscilla; Clouet, Benedicte; Diener, Ed; Lai, Alden Yuanhong

doi:10.5502/ijw.v12i4.2655

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The new GWP items were developed over a 6-month process (as summarized in Lomas et al, in press). First, a summit was convened in Kyoto, Japan, in August 2019 (as described in Lambert et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexifying Individualism Versus Collectivism and West Versus East: Exploring Global Diversity in Perspectives on Self and Other in the Gallup World Poll

Lomas

Diego‐Rosell

Shiba

et al. 2022

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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A wealth of research has suggested the West tends toward individualism and the East toward collectivism. We explored this topic on an unprecedented scale through two new items in the 2020 Gallup World Poll, involving 121,207 participants in 116 countries. The first tapped into orientations toward self-care versus other-care (“Do you think people should focus more on taking care of themselves or on taking care of others?”). The second enquired into self-orientation versus other-orientation (“Which of the following is closest to your main purpose in life? Being good at what you do in your daily life, Caring for family and close friends, or Helping other people who need help?”). We anticipated that self-care and self-orientation would index individualism (hence be higher in the West), while other-care and other-orientation would index collectivism (hence be higher in the East). However, contrary to expectation, there was greater self-care in the East (45.82%) than in the West (41.58%). As predicted though, there was greater self-orientation in the West (30.20%) than in the East (23.08.%). Greater self-care in the East invites one of two interpretations. Either these items: (a) index individualism and collectivism as anticipated, so in some ways the East is more individualistic and the West less individualistic than assumed; or (b) do not index individualism and collectivism as anticipated, so the concepts are more complex than often realized (e.g., collectivism may involve prioritizing self-care over other-care). Either way, the findings help complexify these concepts, challenging common cross-cultural generalizations in this area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexifying Individualism Versus Collectivism and West Versus East: Exploring Global Diversity in Perspectives on Self and Other in the Gallup World Poll

Lomas

Diego‐Rosell

Shiba

et al. 2022

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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“…Other research supports the notion that harmony or balance is associated with well-being (e.g. Delle-Fave et al, 2022;Di Fabio & Tsuda, 2018;Lomas, 2021;Lomas et al, 2022;Schutte et al, 2022;Sirgy, 2019). Although most cultures seem to value harmony as an important aspect of life and well-being, the construct may have different nuances and manifestations in different cultural groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Psychometric properties of the Harmony in Life Scale in South African and Ghanaian samples

Cromhout

Schutte²,

Wissing³

et al. 2023

AJOPA

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Harmony is regarded as important for well-being in many cultures. However, (cultural) differences in the meanings and manifestations of harmony may impact the equivalence of measures of harmony in life, as well as the associations between harmony and other well-being constructs. This study aimed to investigate the factorial, convergent and divergent validity, and measurement invariance of the Harmony in Life Scale (HILS) in South African and Ghanaian samples. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to data from three South African samples (two multicultural samples completed the HILS in English; and a Setswana-speaking sample completed the HILS in Setswana) and one Ghanaian sample (completed the HILS in English). Sample sizes ranged between n = 400 and n = 427. Good fit indices were obtained for all samples, except for the Setswana-speaking sample from South Africa. In all instances the HILS showed good internal consistency reliability and convergent and divergent validity. Full scalar invariance was supported for the two multicultural South African samples, but only partial scalar invariance when data from the Ghanaian sample were added to the analysis. The HILS shows potential for future use in all samples, except the Setswana-speaking sample. Findings emphasise the importance of considering cultural and/or contextual and linguistic differences and how these may influence the measurement of psychological constructs. Future research should qualitatively explore the meanings and manifestations of harmony in various African and other global contexts in local languages.Contribution: This study is the first to investigate the psychometric properties of the original English version of the HILS in South African and Ghanaian samples, as well as a Setswana translation of the scale. The study contributes to the understanding of harmony in life and the measurement thereof in diverse contexts, in this case specifically focused on African samples, and may, in turn, inform interventions and evaluation of interventions.

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“…For example, questionnaires in languages other than English might contain content that is difficult to translate into English with fidelity. Moreover, researchers and participants across the globe may have culturally-specific understandings of the concept and essence of EWB [see for example Lomas et al (2022) and Ruggeri et al, 2020 for global initiatives aiming to understand EWB]. Despite its acknowledged limitations, this scoping review represents an important step towards a better understanding of the neural correlates of EWB, providing an important compilation of the previous studies in this area into one accessible and usable document.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Present Review And Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain imaging studies of emotional well-being: a scoping review

Richter,

Li,

Turnbull

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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This scoping review provides an overview of previous empirical studies that used brain imaging techniques to investigate the neural correlates of emotional well-being (EWB). We compiled evidence on this topic into one accessible and usable document as a foundation for future research into the relationship between EWB and the brain. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. We located relevant articles by searching five electronic databases with 95 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. We explored EWB measures, brain imaging modalities, research designs, populations studied, and approaches that are currently in use to characterize and understand EWB across the literature. Of the key concepts related to EWB, the vast majority of studies investigated positive affect and life satisfaction, followed by sense of meaning, goal pursuit, and quality of life. The majority of studies used functional MRI, followed by EEG and event-related potential-based EEG to study the neural basis of EWB (predominantly experienced affect, affective perception, reward, and emotion regulation). It is notable that positive affect and life satisfaction have been studied significantly more often than the other three aspects of EWB (i.e., sense of meaning, goal pursuit, and quality of life). Our findings suggest that future studies should investigate EWB in more diverse samples, especially in children, individuals with clinical disorders, and individuals from various geographic locations. Future directions and theoretical implications are discussed, including the need for more longitudinal studies with ecologically valid measures that incorporate multi-level approaches allowing researchers to better investigate and evaluate the relationships among behavioral, environmental, and neural factors.Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io/t9cf6/.

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Balance and harmony in the Gallup World Poll: The development of the Global Wellbeing Initiative module

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Complexifying Individualism Versus Collectivism and West Versus East: Exploring Global Diversity in Perspectives on Self and Other in the Gallup World Poll

Complexifying Individualism Versus Collectivism and West Versus East: Exploring Global Diversity in Perspectives on Self and Other in the Gallup World Poll

Psychometric properties of the Harmony in Life Scale in South African and Ghanaian samples

Brain imaging studies of emotional well-being: a scoping review

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