Baicalin Exerts Anti‐Airway Inflammation and Anti‐Remodelling Effects in Severe Stage Rat Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide epidemic. Current approaches are disappointing due to limited improvement of the disease development. The present study established 36-week side stream cigarette smoke induced rat model of COPD with advanced stage feature and evaluted the effects of baicalin on the model. Fifty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups including room air control, cigarette smoke exposure, baicalin (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, and 160 mg/kg), and budesonide used as a positive control. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke from 3R4F research cigarettes. Pulmonary function was evaluated and pathological changes were also observed. Cytokine level related to airway inflammation and remodelling in blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue was determined. Blood gases and HPA axis function were also examined, and antioxidant levels were quantified. Results showed that, after treatment with baicalin, lung function was improved and histopathological changes were ameliorated. Baicalin also regulated proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory balance and also airway remodelling and anti-airway remodelling factors in blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Antioxidant capacity was also increased after treatment with baicalin in COPD rat model. HPA axis function was improved in baicalin treated groups as compared to model group. Therefore, baicalin exerts lung function protection, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation, anti-airway remodelling, and antioxidant role in long term CS induced COPD model.

Comparative effectiveness of six Chinese herb formulas for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

“…In addition to the small sample sizes of the included studies, another possible explanation was the similarity of the herb ingredients of these five formulas, such as Ku Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) and Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix). These formulas or the active compositions of the herb ingredients have also shown common effects on anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress and immune function enhancement [75][76][77][78]. However, the ranking probabilities of these formulas could be explored according to the SUCRA.…”

Therapeutic options of TCM for organ injuries associated with COVID-19 and the underlying mechanism

“…Baicalin protected against LPS-induced severe lung injury by activating an antioxidant system and reducing both the number of inflammatory cells and expression of mediators via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway ( Meng et al., 2019 ). Moreover, it exerted beneficial effect on lung function as shown by anti-airway remodeling through regulating the release of proinflammatory cytokine in long-term cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model ( Wang et al., 2018 ). Neochlorogenic acid isolated from LJT, an activator of AMPK/Nrf2 signaling, prevented excessive macrophage-mediated responses associated with acute and chronic inflammatory disorders ( Park et al., 2018 ).…”

Loki zupa alleviates inflammatory and fibrotic responses in cigarette smoke induced rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…The supernatant was obtained and stored at − 80 °C. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was harvested as previously described [23,24] and stored at − 80 °C for the cytokines assay. The right lung was removed and placed in liquid nitrogen for 30 min and then stored at − 80 °C for further analysis.…”