Baicalin ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial dynamics in the spleen of chickens via the opposite modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway during Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

Ishfaq, Muhammad; Chen, Chunli; Bao, Jun; Zhang, Wei; Wu, Zhiyong; Wang, Jian; Wang, Kun; Tian, E; Hamid, Sattar; Li, Rui; Ding, Li; Li, Jichang

doi:10.3382/ps/pez406

Cited by 68 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, both hesperidin (oral) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (intraperitoneal) have shown that similar upregulations can be achievable at non-toxic concentrations in male Sprague-Dawley rats with methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity and testicular ischemia-induced oxidative stress, respectively [ 104 , 105 , 114 , 115 ]. In contrast, mRNA levels of Nrf2 were upregulated only in flavones such as baicalin (chicken with Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection-induced oxidative stress) and apigenin (human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells with t -BHP-induced oxidative cell injury) in pre-clinical and in vitro models [ 95 , 116 ]. However, the molecular mechanisms of the flavonoid-mediated increase of cellular Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels remain unclear.…”

Section: Role Of the Nrf2/are Pathway In Cancer Chemopreventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the upregulation of HO-1 was observed at the protein level against cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats upon intraperitoneal administration of genistein [ 138 ]. Furthermore, the oral administration of baicalin and hesperidin upregulated HO-1 at both the protein and mRNA levels against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection-induced oxidative stress in chicken and MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively [ 104 , 116 ]. More importantly, the above upregulations of either or both antioxidant and phase 2 detoxifying enzymes by luteolin (ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats), baicalein (T2DM Kunming mice), baicalin (Sprague-Dawley rats), hesperidin (Sprague-Dawley rats) and genistein (Sprague-Dawley rats) were observed in concentrations lower than toxic or lethal in in vivo studies [ 99 , 114 , 133 , 134 , 136 , 139 ].…”

Section: Role Of the Nrf2/are Pathway In Cancer Chemopreventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?

et al. 2020

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The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway is an important cell signaling mechanism in maintaining redox homeostasis in humans. The role of dietary flavonoids in activating Nrf2/ARE in relation to cancer chemoprevention or cancer promotion is not well established. Here we summarize the dual effects of flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention and cancer promotion with respect to the regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, while underlying the possible cellular mechanisms. Luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, myricetin, rutin, naringenin, epicatechin, and genistein activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway in both normal and cancer cells. The hormetic effect of flavonoids has been observed due to their antioxidant or prooxidant activity, depending on the concentrations. Reported in vitro and in vivo investigations suggest that the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by either endogenous or exogenous stimuli under normal physiological conditions contributes to redox homeostasis, which may provide a mechanism for cancer chemoprevention. However, some flavonoids, such as luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin, epicatechin, genistein, and daidzein, at low concentrations (1.5 to 20 µM) facilitate cancer cell growth and proliferation in vitro. Paradoxically, some flavonoids, including luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin, inhibit the Nrf2/ARE pathway in vitro. Therefore, even though flavonoids play a major role in cancer chemoprevention, due to their possible inducement of cancer cell growth, the effects of dietary flavonoids on cancer pathophysiology in patients or appropriate experimental animal models should be investigated systematically.

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Section: Role Of the Nrf2/are Pathway In Cancer Chemopreventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of the Nrf2/are Pathway In Cancer Chemopreventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?

et al. 2020

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“…The infection caused the release of catarrhal exudate from the goblet cells and lead to mucosal thickness of the respiratory epithelium and has the ability to invade various host tissues and cells such are chicken erythrocytes, fibroblasts, and HeLa-229 cells. This invasive capability contributes to the dissemination of MG to various distant sites in the host body and the successful establishment of persistent and recurrent infection ( Baseman et al., 1995 ; Mohammed et al., 2007 ; Majumder et al., 2014 ; Rosales et al., 2017 ; Ishfaq et al., 2019b , 2019c ). However, factors such as strain of MG, infected dose, passage, and host immunity also greatly affects the establishment of MG infection.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of vaccine research, development, and challenges of vaccines for Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Ishfaq

Khan

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum ( MG ) is an important avian pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Surprisingly, the limited protection and adverse reactions caused by the vaccines, including live vaccines, bacterin-based (killed) vaccines, and recombinant viral vaccines is still a major concern. Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains vary in infectivity and virulence and infection may sometimes unapparent and goes undetected. Although extensive research has been carried out on the biology of this pathogen, information is lacking about the type of immune response that confers protection and selection of appropriate protective antigens and adjuvants. Regardless of numerous efforts focused on the development of safe and effective vaccine for the control of MG, the use of modern DNA vaccine technology selected in silico approaches for the use of conserved recombinant proteins may be a better choice for the preparation of novel effective vaccines. More research is needed to characterize and elucidate MG products modulating MG-host interactions. These products could be used as a reference for the preparation and development of vaccines to control MG infections in poultry flocks.

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“…Prior infection, chickens were screened for MG and M. synoviae using serum plate agglutination (China Veterinary Drug Administration, Beijing, China). Chickens were reared for 1 week prior of experiments to adapt to experimental conditions and provided fresh drinking water and adlibitum feed, and infected with MG strain R low at a concentration of 1 × 10 9 CCU/mL in the bilateral air sacs as described previously (20). Chickens from each experimental group were sacrificed after 1-, 3-and 7-days post-infection.…”

Section: Experimental Chickens Infection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection Impaired the Structural Integrity and Immune Function of Bursa of Fabricius in Chicken: Implication of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

et al. 2020

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) induces a dysregulated immune response in the lungs and air ways of poultry. However, the mechanism of MG-induced immune dysregulation is still not completely understood. In the present study, the effect of MG-infection on chicken bursa of fabricius (BOF) is investigated. Histopathology, electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, qRT-PCR and western blot were employed to examine the hallmarks of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The data revealed that MG-infection induced oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant responses in BOF tissues compared to control group. Histopathological study showed pathological changes including reduction in lymphocytes and increased inflammatory cell infiltration in MG-infection group. Ultrastructural assessment represents obvious signs of apoptosis such as mitochondrial swelling, shrinkage of nuclear membrane and fragmentation of nucleus. Increased cytokine activities were observed in MG-infection group compared to control group. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression level of apoptosis-related genes were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in MG-infection group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay further confirmed that MG induced apoptosis in BOF tissues as TUNEL-stained positive nuclei were remarkably increased in MG-infection group. In addition, MG-infection significantly reduced the number of CD8 + lymphocytes in chicken BOF at day 7. Moreover, bacterial load significantly increased at day 3 and day 7 in MG-infection group compared to control group. These results suggested that MG-infection impaired the structural integrity, induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in chicken BOF tissues, which could be the possible causes of damage to immune function in chicken BOF.

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Baicalin ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial dynamics in the spleen of chickens via the opposite modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway during Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

Cited by 68 publications

References 50 publications

Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?

Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?

Current status of vaccine research, development, and challenges of vaccines for Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection Impaired the Structural Integrity and Immune Function of Bursa of Fabricius in Chicken: Implication of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

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