Bacteriostatic Effect of Piper betle and Psidium guajava Extracts on Dental Plaque Bacteria

Abstract

In this study, the bacteriostatic effect of Piper betle and Psidium guajava extracts on selected early dental plaque bacteria was investigated based on changes in the doubling time (g) and specific growth rates (micro). Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis and Actinomyces sp. were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) in the presence and absence of the extracts. The growth of bacteria was monitored periodically every 15 min over a period of 9 h to allow for a complete growth cycle. Growth profiles of the bacteria in the presence of the extracts were compared to those in the absence and deviation in the g and micro were determined and analyzed. It was found that the g and mu were affected by both extracts. At 4 mg mL(-1) of P. betle the g-values for S. sanguinis and S. mitis were increased by 12.0- and 10.4-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). At similar concentration P. guajava increased the g-value by 1.8- and 2.6 -fold, respectively (p < 0.05). The effect on Actinomyces sp. was observed at a much lower magnitude. It appears that P. betle and P. guajava extracts have bacteriostatic effect on the plaque bacteria by creating a stressed environment that had suppressed the growth and propagation of the cells. Within the context of the dental plaque, this would ensure the attainment of thin and healthy plaque. Thus, decoctions of these plants would be suitable if used in the control of dental plaque.

The antifungal properties of chlorhexidine digluconate and cetylpyrinidinium chloride on oral Candida

“…26 The presence of the active ingredients in the growth environment of both Candida had obviously interfered with the normal biological functions of the cells, rendering them unable to propagate and increase in population. 23,28 Under this suppressed conditions, the affected Candida exhibited variant in their colony and cell morphologies from the normal characteristics (Fig. 3).…”

“…This is in accordance with reports by other research groups working on oral microorganisms. 22,23 The antifungal activity of the mouth rinse containing CPC was found to be more effective against C. krusei than C. tropicalis with MIC values of 33.0 AE 0.0 and 66.0 AE 0.0 mg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the antifungal activity of the CHX mouth rinse was more effective on C. tropicalis than C. krusei.…”

Functional finishing of medical fabrics using CeO2/allicin nanocomposite for wound dressings

“…From the UV M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT visible absorption analysis, it is seen that no significant change in the absorption peak even after 24 hours of culturing the bacteria in the liquid broth containing CeO 2 /allicin impregnated fabrics, indicating that there is no growth of bacteria [28]. However the slight decrease in the peak intensity shows that the nanocomposite impregnated fabric holds slight bactericidal property even after 6 washes.…”

Psidium guajava: A review on its potential as an adjunct in treating periodontal disease

“…[22] Guava and Piper betle extracts have shown bacteriostatic effect on the primary colonizers of teeth during plaque formation S. sanguinis , Streptococcus mitis ( S. mitis ) and Actinomyces . [2135] S. mitis and S. sanguinis showed lesser adherence to the experimental pellicle treated with guava extracts when compared with untreated pellicle due to the ability of guava to disrupt the pellicle preventing adherence of bacteria. [36]…”