Bacteriophage Therapy of Staphylococcic Septic Obstruction of the Cavernous Sinus

MacNeal, Ward J.; Frisbee, Frances C.; Blevins, Anne

doi:10.1001/archopht.1943.00880150015001

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Inherently, phages are able to treat any clinical presentation of bacterial infections. Reports have been published using phage therapy for a large array of clinical indications, including gastro-intestinal [2,11,52,53,54], localized [3,37,55,56,57,58,59], burn wound [9,60], systemic [21,39,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72], urogenital [10,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82], respiratory [44,45,47,82,83,84,85], oto-rhino-laryngeal (ORL) [12,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95], and osteoarticular infections (see section below). These clinical indications include infections that are acute or chronic, sensitive or resistant to antibiotics, and are caused by highly variable common or opportunistic pathogens.…”

Section: Clinical Indications In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Indications and Compassionate Use of Phage Therapy: Personal Experience and Literature Review with a Focus on Osteoarticular Infections

Patey¹,

McCallin

Mazure³

et al. 2018

Viruses

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The history of phage therapy started with its first clinical application in 1919 and continues its development to this day. Phages continue to lack any market approval in Western medicine as a recognized drug, but are increasingly used as an experimental therapy for the compassionate treatment of patients experiencing antibiotic failure. The few formal experimental phage clinical trials that have been completed to date have produced inconclusive results on the efficacy of phage therapy, which contradicts the many successful treatment outcomes observed in historical accounts and recent individual case reports. It would therefore be wise to identify why such a discordance exists between trials and compassionate use in order to better develop future phage treatment and clinical applications. The multitude of observations reported over the years in the literature constitutes an invaluable experience, and we add to this by presenting a number of cases of patients treated compassionately with phages throughout the past decade with a focus on osteoarticular infections. Additionally, an abundance of scientific literature into phage-related areas is transforming our knowledge base, creating a greater understanding that should be applied for future clinical applications. Due to the increasing number of treatment failures anticipatedfrom the perspective of a possible post-antibiotic era, we believe that the introduction of bacteriophages into the therapeutic arsenal seems a scientifically sound and eminently practicable consideration today as a substitute or adjuvant to antibiotic therapy.

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Section: Clinical Indications In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Indications and Compassionate Use of Phage Therapy: Personal Experience and Literature Review with a Focus on Osteoarticular Infections

Patey¹,

McCallin

Mazure³

et al. 2018

Viruses

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“…André Raiga, like Ward J. MacNeal already mentioned, had reported in the early 1930s cases of sepsis cured by adapted phage therapy [134,135]. These same authors [136] also presented cases of thrombosis of the cavernous sinus, particularly dangerous in terms of prognosis. It is worth noting in 1978 the treatment of Serratia endocarditis by bacteriophages [137] and recently a P. aeruginosa septicaemia in a 2-year-old child with a combination of two bacteriophages [138].…”

Section: Cardio-vascular Infections; Septicaemiamentioning

confidence: 96%

Indications and Limitations of Phage Therapy in Human Medicine: Personal Experience and Literature Review

Dublanchet¹,

Patey²,

Mazure³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Bacteriophages, viruses that are widespread throughout the world, are highly specific for bacteria, usually of a single species and often of a particular strain. After being discovered and isolated 100 years ago, their use, called phage therapy, was instituted in medicine two years later and quickly used around the world to treat various bacterial infections. In the West, phage therapy was overshadowed in the second half of the 20th century by antibiotic therapy, which was then thought to be the definitive solution. But because of the increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the idea of using bacteriophages in medicine has been reawakened. The innumerable observations reported over the years in the literature constitute an invaluable experience. We and some of our colleagues have, in the last decade treated some patients compassionately. With the available documentation and our own experience we discuss the potential indications and limitations of phage therapy. The observation of the increasing number of therapeutic failures in the announced perspective of a post-antibiotic era, we believe, that the introduction of bacteriophages into the therapeutic arsenal seems conceivable today to two preconditions: that their production as biologic drug meets current regulatory standards and that the benefit-risk assessment was conducted in a modern setting. Phage therapy could be applied as a substitution or supplement to antibiotic therapy under multiple circumstances in different modes, precise indications and limits.

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“…Prior to the introduction of the sulphonamides it was well recognized that this infection was nearly always fatal. It is true that MacNeal, Frisbee, and Blevins (1943) were able to trace 50 instances of recovery before sulphonamides came …”

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confidence: 99%

Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis: A review

Shaw

1952

Journal of British Surgery

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Markowitz and Loar (I934), Boikan (IS~O), Rudnew (1915), Lattes (1943), and Brunkow, Nelson, Goodnight, Hunter, and Brunkow (1949) have described such cases, and it has been suggested that abnormalities in the glands, lymphatic tissue, and muscle layer, or congenital diverticula might be aetiological factors. It is stated (Boikan, 1930 ; Low and others, 1949) that in some 50 per cent of cases of meconium peritonitis there is no intestinal obstruction. I n the majority of the cases quoted, however, perforation occurred during or after delivery, and the presence of meconium was only incidental to a pyogenic peritonitis (Zillner, 1884 ; Paltauf, 1888 ; Hughes, 1922).If the perforation occurs a short time before birth, the usual findings are fluid in the abdomen, due to chemical irritation, recent adhesions, early calcification, and possibly loculation of recently extruded and easily identified meconium (Maguire and Moore, 1950 ; Lattes, 1943 ; Dubler, 1888 ; Gover, 1950) and a patent perforation.The initial symptoms and signs in both groups are those of intestinal obstruction. Our three cases were no exception. Pyogenic peritonitis may supervene if the perforation remains patent.Kirchhoff (1932), by demonstrating a pneumoperitoneum, was the first to point out that radiographs of the abdomen may lead to the diagnosis of intestinal perforation in the newborn, and Neuhauser (1944) described how some cases of meconium peritonitis could be diagnosed by the presence of intra-abdominal calcification on X-ray examination. It has been pointed out above that both these findings are only present in a proportion of cases. Furthermore, calcification may occasionally occur in meconium within the lumen of an intact gut, the peritoneum being normal (Camp and Roberts, 1949).The treatment of the condition consists of the relief of the obstruction and, if necessary, closure of the perforation. Each case has to be treated on its merits. The numerous intraperitoneal adhesions may prevent a thorough inspection of the distal intestine and produce a subsequent intestinal obstruction, but we did not try to separate these bands at operation as it was felt that this would greatly increase the operating time, produce a considerable amount of bleeding and shock, and lead to the formation of new adhesions. We thought it wiser to close the abdomen after the resection of gut and anastomosis without any further operative interference. In the two cases surviving the operation no serious subsequent obstruction developed. SUMMARYThree cases of meconium peritonitis are described. The aeriology of this condition is discussed and the literature briefly reviewed. An attempt has been made to differentiate meconium peritonitis from other types of peritonitis in the newborn.Our thanks are due to Drs.

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Bacteriophage Therapy of Staphylococcic Septic Obstruction of the Cavernous Sinus

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Clinical Indications and Compassionate Use of Phage Therapy: Personal Experience and Literature Review with a Focus on Osteoarticular Infections

Clinical Indications and Compassionate Use of Phage Therapy: Personal Experience and Literature Review with a Focus on Osteoarticular Infections

Indications and Limitations of Phage Therapy in Human Medicine: Personal Experience and Literature Review

Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis: A review

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