Bacteriophage adsorption efficiency and its effect on amplification

Storms, Zachary J.; Arsenault, Eric A.; Sauvageau, Dominic; Cooper, David G.

doi:10.1007/s00449-009-0405-y

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, “slow adsorbers” are known to account for 2–3% of the population of phage T1 under certain conditions [3] , [4] . Similar observations have been noted for Bacillus subtilis phage PBS Z [5] , Lactobacillus casei phage PL-1 [6] , the flagella-targeting Caulobacter crescentus phage φCbK [7] , various strains of phage λ [8] , numerous T-series phages [9] , [10] and even the mycoplasma virus L3 [11] .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Evidence That the Heterogeneity of a T4 Population Is the Result of Heritable Traits

Storms

Sauvageau

2014

PLoS ONE

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Many bacteriophage populations display heterogeneity in their adsorption characteristics; a portion of the phage population remains free in solution throughout adsorption experiments (residual fraction). This residual fraction generally constitutes a minority of phages that exhibit significantly slower adsorption kinetics than the main phage stock (main fraction). While this phenomenon is likely the result of evolutionary driving forces, the present study demonstrates that the residual fraction is not always the result of phenotypic variations within a single genotype, as is generally thought. Experiments with phage T4 showed that two subgroups with distinct adsorption traits that were passed on to their progeny could be isolated from the original phage stock. Sequencing of genes involved in adsorption revealed two point mutations in gene 37 of residual fraction isolates, which resulted in modifications to the long tail-fiber, the organelle of attachment and host cell recognition. Adsorption studies consistently showed that T4 phage stocks amplified from residual fraction isolates had significantly lower adsorption efficiencies than those amplified from main fractions. The conducted experiments provide convincing evidence that the observed heterogeneity in T4 adsorption behavior is the result of conserved mutations to the phage genome and is not exclusively the result of phenotypic variations within the population. While it is believed high mutation rates exist to hasten phage adaptation, this study shows that this bet hedging strategy can also, in the short term, inadvertently handicap the phage's adsorption capabilities to a given host under normal infection conditions, resulting in the residual fraction observed in adsorption experiments.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Evidence That the Heterogeneity of a T4 Population Is the Result of Heritable Traits

Storms

Sauvageau

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Adsorption to the surface of a bacterial cell is the first step in a phage life cycle. Efficiency of adsorption depends on many physical factors in the environment as well as on the number and size of the host cells (Storms et al, 2010). For the adsorption process, phage T4 requires monovalent cations at the minimum concentration of 10 mM and the temperature in the range of 37-40°C (Kutter et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adsorption is the first step in a life cycle of bacteriophages and was previously shown to depend on a number of environmental factors, such as ion concentrations, organic cofactors' concentrations, pH value, and temperature (Storms et al, 2010). In this study, we analyzed kinetics of adsorption of phage T4 to a slowly growing E. coli (Fig.…”

Section: Kinetics Of Phage T4 Adsorption On Slowly Growing Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage T4 can produce progeny virions in extremely slowly growingEscherichia colihost: comparison of a mathematical model with the experimental data

Golec

Karczewska-Golec

Łoś

et al. 2014

FEMS Microbiol Lett

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Development of bacteriophage T4 depends on the physiological state of its host cell. Based on previous studies performed under laboratory conditions with different media determining various growth rates of Escherichia coli, a mathematical model was developed which suggested that phage T4 development cannot proceed efficiently in bacteria growing with a doubling time longer than 160 min. Contrary to this prediction, using a chemostat culture system allowing for culturing E. coli at different growth rates without changes in the medium composition, we found that T4 can yield progeny in host cells growing with a doubling time as long as 21 h. Our results indicate that the actual limiting growth rate of the host culture for the development of phage T4 is about 0.033 h(-1) , corresponding to the doubling time of about 21 h.

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“…Phage titer measurements were performed using the agar layering technique [54]. For this, 10 μl (or 2 μl for phage B2) of a bacterial host overnight culture were added to 3 ml of MRS soft agar.…”

Section: Phage Titermentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents against bacterial contaminants in yeast fermentation processes

Silva

Sauvageau

2014

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background: The emergence of biofuels produced through yeast fermentation represents an important avenue for sustainable energy production. Despite all its advantages, this process is vulnerable to contamination by other organisms -most commonly lactic acid bacteria -that are present in raw feedstocks and/or in production lines. These contaminants compete with the yeast for nutrients, reducing the overall biofuel yield, and release substances that inhibit yeast growth. Here, we investigated the application of bacteriophages as potential antibacterial agents in yeast fermentation.Results: Experiments conducted to understand the impact of pH on yeast, bacterial, and phage development showed that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Superstart™ grew in a similar fashion at pH levels ranging from 3 to 6. Growth of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC® 8014™ was inhibited by pH levels of less than 4, and phages ATCC® 8014-B1™ (phage B1) and ATCC® 8014-B2™ (phage B2) displayed different infectivities within the pH range tested (pH 3.5 to 7). Phage B1 showed the best infectivity at pH 6, while phage B2 was most virulent at pH levels ranging from 4 to 5, and the cocktail of these phages showed highest infectivity in the range from pH 4 to 6. Population dynamics studies in MRS medium at pH 6 showed that, in the presence of bacteria inoculated at 10 7 cells/ml, yeast cultures were impeded under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, showing major decreases in both cell yield and ethanol production. The addition of the phage cocktail at a low initial multiplicity of infection was sufficient to reduce contamination by over 99%, and to allow yeast and ethanol yields to reach values equivalent to those of axenic cultures. Conclusions: From the results observed, phages are good candidates as antimicrobial agents, to be used in place of or in conjunction with antibiotics, in yeast fermentation processes. Their implementation with other common contamination abatement/prevention methods could further increase their efficacy.

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Bacteriophage adsorption efficiency and its effect on amplification

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Evidence That the Heterogeneity of a T4 Population Is the Result of Heritable Traits

Evidence That the Heterogeneity of a T4 Population Is the Result of Heritable Traits

Bacteriophage T4 can produce progeny virions in extremely slowly growingEscherichia colihost: comparison of a mathematical model with the experimental data

Bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents against bacterial contaminants in yeast fermentation processes

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