Bacteriologically confirmed extra pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment outcome of patients consulted and treated under program conditions in the littoral region of Cameroon

Mbuh, Teyim Pride; Ane-Anyangwe, Irene; Wandji, A.; Pokam, Benjamin D. Thumamo; Meriki, Henry Dilonga; Mbacham, Wilfred Fon

doi:10.1186/s12890-018-0770-x

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…After screening the abstracts, 118 articles were found to fulfil the inclusion criteria and were selected for full‐text review (Figure 1). Thirty articles ( n = 3972) assessing the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF for TBM were included in our systematic review and meta‐analysis [14, 25–53].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall four studies had high risk of bias [32, 37, 43, 53] (Table 2). There was low risk of bias in most of studies about patient selection and flow and timing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was low risk of bias in most of studies about patient selection and flow and timing. Two studies showed high risk in patient selection [37, 53]. Two studies showed high risk in flow and timing [32, 43] being collected post‐mortem or at TB‐referral hospital.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculous meningitis: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hernandez

Laurentis

Souza

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objective This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF to detect tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods PubMed and five other databases were systematically searched through March 2019. All studies evaluating diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were included. Reference standards were definitive or definite plus probable TBM. The quality of studies was assessed by the QUADAS‐2 tool. We performed bivariate random‐effects meta‐analysis and calculated summary diagnostic statistics. Results We identified 30 studies (n = 3972 participants), including 5 cohort studies and 25 cross‐sectional studies. Reference standards were definite TB (n = 28 studies) or definite plus probable TBM (n = 6 studies). The pooled Xpert MTB/RIF sensitivity was 85% (95% CI, 70–93%), and specificity was 98% (95% CI, 97–99%) with a negative likelihood ratio of 0.15 (95% CI, 0.04–0.27) for definite TBM. For probable TBM cases, pooled sensitivity was 81% (95% CI, 66–90%), and specificity was 99% (95% CI, 97–99%). For both reference standard types, meta‐analyses showed a C‐statistic area under the curve of 0.98. The QUADAS‐2 tool revealed low risk of bias as well as low concerns regarding applicability. Methodological heterogeneity was high among studies. Conclusions Xpert MTB/RIF showed high accuracy for TBM diagnosis, but a negative Xpert MTB/RIF test does not rule out TBM. Repeat Xpert testing may be necessary. In clinical practice, Xpert MTB/RIF adds speed and sensitivity when compared to classic TBM diagnostic methods or previous commercial nucleic acid amplification techniques. More studies and better strategies for rapidly confirming a diagnosis of TBM in children are urgently needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall four studies had high risk of bias [32, 37, 43, 53] (Table 2). There was low risk of bias in most of studies about patient selection and flow and timing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculous meningitis: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hernandez

Laurentis

Souza

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…EPTB is defined as any bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed case of TB involving organs other than the lungs. The body organs other than the lungs that are mainly affected by TB include the pleura, lymph nodes, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skin, joints, bones, and meninges [3][4][5]. The incidence of EPTB involvement of TB occurs in approximately 10 million new TB cases that were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, 16% were EPTB cases; incidence rates ranged from 8% in the Western Pacific Region to 24% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug resistance and its risk factors among extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are the world major public health issues. Although some primary studies have been reported on the burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis that attempt to summarize the available literature. Thus, we aimed to estimates the prevalence of drug-resistance in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients and summarize the risk factors associated with the occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the published primary studies on extrapulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Results Eight observational studies were included in this review from different regions of Ethiopia. The overall pooled prevalence of rifampicin resistance was 6% (95% CI 0.03–0.10), while isoniazid resistance was 7% (95% CI 0.03–0.12). The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 4% (95% CI 0.01–0.07). Previous tuberculosis treatment history and male gender are frequently reported risk factors for developing drug-resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusion The current review has identified a high proportion of resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Clinicians should request drug susceptibility testing for all patients with presumptive extrapulmonary tuberculosis to detect drug-resistance.

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“…Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that affects humans by a parasitic bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, but can also infect tissues and organs of the lymphatic, circulatory and central nervous systems [1, 2]. TB is a major public health problem worldwide, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic areas, and is responsible for 9.6 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rifampicin resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐infected individuals using GeneXpert MTB/RIF ultra: a hospital‐based study

Motse

Nsagha

Teyim³

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with rifampicin (RIF)‐resistant tuberculosis using GeneXpert technology. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted from April 2018 to November 2019 among tuberculosis (TB)‐infected Cameroonian patients in the Littoral Region using records from patients presenting with clinically suspected or documented TB. The patients were screened for TB using GeneXpert MDR/RIF ultra. Data were documented with an ad hoc survey form and analysed with SPSS version 22. Results 153 patients were included in the study. 64.1% were males; mean age was 37.9 ± 14.7 years and median age 37 years (range: 2–82). Most patients were new cases (76.4%). Relapses accounted for 8.5% and recurrences for 2.6%. Pulmonary TB was diagnosed among 98.7% patients using mostly sputum samples (85%). The prevalence of RIF resistance was 6.7% (95% CI: 3.4%–12.7%). This prevalence was significantly higher in samples of mucus and mucopurulent aspect (P‐value = 0.04). RIF‐resistant M. tuberculosis strains were significantly more frequent among relapses than new cases (23.1% vs. 2.3% P‐value < 0.0001). A statistically significant association was found between GeneXpert‐based quantification results and type and aspect of samples. Conclusion This study confirms the circulation of RIF‐resistant M. tuberculosis strains in the Littoral region. There is a need for extensive studies in other parts of the country.

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Bacteriologically confirmed extra pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment outcome of patients consulted and treated under program conditions in the littoral region of Cameroon

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculous meningitis: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculous meningitis: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Drug resistance and its risk factors among extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Rifampicin resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐infected individuals using GeneXpert MTB/RIF ultra: a hospital‐based study

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