Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of blood culture isolates from bloodstream infections in a rural tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality requiring urgent antibiotic treatment. However, there is widespread antibiotic-resistance from the bacterial causes, necessitating regular surveillance for drug-resistant bacteria and their antibiograms.Objective: This study isolated and identified various bacterial causes of BSIs, determined their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and determined the best empirical treatment for cases of BSI in the setting.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria between June 2020 and February 2021 on 177 blood culture samples from cases of BSI. Identification of isolated bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates were carried out following the standard protocol.Results: Culture positivity in this study was 19.2%. No significant difference was seen in culture positivity between male and female participants (p = 0.97). Gram-negative enteric bacteria were predominantly isolated (67.6%), including Escherichia coli (29.4%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (20.6%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common Gram-positive bacterium isolated (23.5%). Three (37.5%) S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant. All isolates were sensitive to meropenem, and 97.1% were sensitive to imipenem; other sensitivity patterns were: ceftazidime (85.3%), ciprofloxacin (79.4%), ofloxacin (79.4%), and gentamicin (76.5%). There was low sensitivity to ampicillin (32.4%) and cotrimoxazole (38.2%). All Gram-positive isolates, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion: Regular surveillance of isolate sensitivity patterns, formulation of hospital antibiotic policies based on existing data and compliance with treatment guidelines will promote rational antibiotic use and reduce resistance among bacteria.

Drug Resistance Pattern of Blood Culture Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital

“…In this study, among 90 total pathogenic cases, 47(52.22%) were females and 43 (47.78%) were males. Oyekale T Oluwalana et al, (2022) [26] also showed similar data i.e, 57% of males and 42.4% female. In our study, 37 samples belong to age group from newborn to 25 years age (41.11%), 24 belongs to group 26 to 50 years age (26.67%), while 29 from age group 51 to 90 years (32.22%) were suspected of septicaemia.…”

Trends in Bacterial Blood Culture Isolates and Resistance in Children in Two Microbiologic Eras from a Tertiary Health Facility in North East Nigeria

“…Similarly, Citrobacter and alkaligenes were isolated with increasing frequency in the automated blood culture system. While there is paucity of comparable reports to ours in the country and subregion early [57]- [63] and recent studies [43] [64]- [69], in Nigeria and elsewhere [30] [74] [75], the reports of Obaro et al [16] and others in the country [76] [77] Open Journal of Medical Microbiology have demonstrated the significance of these pathogens in blood stream infections in children. Typhoid fever and Invasive Non Typhoidal Salmonella disease are major agents of invasive bloodstream infections in urban and rural locations, affecting children more commonly than adults across sub-Saharan Africa [78].…”

“…[70] [71][72] [73] have demonstrated the preponderance of staph aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella and or Pseudomonas in blood stream infections in children 0 -18 years. While Salmonella and Streptococcus pneumonia were infrequently isolated in our study and others in Nigeria[57] [58][64] [68][69] …”