Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Drinking Water in Tokha, Kathmandu, Nepal

Abstract

Background: This study reports the comparative studies and microbial risk assessment of different water samples used for drinking water. The results obtained were compared with WHO and EPA standards for drinking and recreational water. Methods results:The pH, total hardness, chloride, nitrate and arsenic content of samples were found within permissible guideline value however well sample was found to exceed Nepal standard values for calcium hardness and ammonia content. The total viable counts for all the water samples were high exceeding the limit for water (1.0×10 2 cfu/ ml). All the water samples were found to contain coliforms and fecal organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO/FAO standards for water. The fecal coliform colonies on M-endo agar plate ranged between 143 and 152 and total coliform from 110 to 248 per 100 ml water also exceed the standard limit for water. The Isolated organisms were identified to be E.coli, Klebsiella spp. and Citrobacter spp.

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Quality of Supplied Drinking Water in Galyang Municipality of Syangja, Nepal

“…Overall, the study highlighted that the water samples collected from various sources in Tokha exhibited microbial contamination, exceeding the recommended standards for drinking water quality ( Shidiki et al, 2016).…”

“…A study was conducted by Shidiki et al (2016) for comparative analysis and microbial risk assessment of different drinking water samples in Tokha, specifically in Saraswati and Chandeswari Village Development Committee. In the study, physicochemical and bacteriological analysis were done on water samples collected from various sources such as the original sources (springs), taps, wells, and stone spouts.…”

Potable Water Quality Assessment from Local Restaurants: Study from South Central Coastal District of Bangladesh

“…Most of the water collected from surface or ground is not possible for human consumption without any primary oe secondary sorts of treatment or purification [9] because of surface water pollution and ground water contamination through different chemicals used in agricultural practices and industrial effluents. Proper purification process of raw water (ground/surface) in many countries were not maintained thus, many people were suffered from different water borne diseases [10] in the world as well as in Bangladesh.…”