Bactericidal effect of normal swine sera on Treponema hyodysenteriae

Abstract

Treponema hyodysenteriae was incubated in 20% normal swine sera (NSS) at 37°C for 4 h, and viability was determined by a plate dilution method. NSS was bactericidal for nonpathogenic T. innocens and avirulent T. hyodysenteriae, but not for virulent T. hyodysenteriae isolates. Heat inactivation at 56°C for 30 min, treatment with EDTA or EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis(,B-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid], or removal of immunoglobulin M eliminated the bactericidal activity of NSS. However, removal of the alternate complement pathway with 10 mg of bentonite per ml did not remove bactericidal activity of NSS. Incubation of virulent isolates of T. hyodysenteriae in the presence of specific antisera plus NSS resulted in bactericidal activity. These data suggest that complement and natural antibody may be involved in protecting the host from T. innocens or avirulent T. hyodysenteriae and that T. hyodysenteriae antibody plus complement are involved in protecting convalescent pigs from re-exposure to swine dysentery. Treponema hyodysenteriae is a gram-negative, anaerobic spirochete found in the large intestine of pigs (7-9; R.

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for lipooligosaccharide of Serpulina hyodysenteriae

“…used for the production and characterization of MAbs are described in Table 1. Each strain of all the serotypes was obtained from as many sources as possible to eliminate strain-specific MAbs (18). In addition, isolates of low and high passage numbers were used to make sure that all of the LOS epitopes were part of the antigen pool.…”

“…SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The method used for SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis has previously been described in detail (16,18). Hybridoma supernatants were diluted 1:2 in 5% milk (Lucerne powdered milk diluted in distilled H 2 O) and were incubated with the blots overnight at 25ЊC.…”

Cloning and characterization of Treponema hyodysenteriae antigens and protection in a CF-1 mouse model by immunization with a cloned endoflagellar antigen

“…Probabilities for the experimental groups were determined by comparison to control groups by chi-square analysis with 2 degrees of freedom (13). The serum bactericidal assays were performed as described by Joens and Nuessen (19).…”

Outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes

“…Although it is a topic of much controversy, it is generally accepted that the pathogenic spirochetes are extracellular pathogens, which are only transiently observed inside cells during translocation through epithelial cell barriers [167][168][169][170]. In addition, work investigating immunity to spirochetal infection has revealed that immune clearance is largely mediated through the actions of complement and antibody, which either directly kill spirochetes or target them for subsequent opsonophagocytosis [171][172][173][174][175]. In the case of syphilis there appears to be a concomitant role for adaptive cellular immunity [176], but the basis of immunity to T. pallidum remains controversial [172].…”