Bactericidal Activity of the Combinations of Gentamicin with Clindamycin or Chloramphenicol Against Species of
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            and
            <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>

Klastersky, Jean; Husson, M.

doi:10.1128/aac.12.2.135

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The authors found antagonism between chloramphenicol and the five analyzed betalactams [128]. Similarly, an antagonism was found with ceftriaxone against enteric Gram-negative rods [129] and with gentamicin against isolates of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis [133,134]. Regarding penicillin G, a synergistic bactericidal effect with chloramphenicol was observed in 17 out of 20 beta-lactamase-producing strains of S. aureus.…”

Section: Enterobacter Sppmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Data on the activity of chloramphenicol combinations with other antimicrobial agents (cont. [133,134] Penicillin Cellophane transfer technique 20 isolates of S. aureus…”

Section: Mycobacterium Smegmatismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summary of the in vitro results with various drug combinations is presented inTABLE 7. Most of these studies are old, did not test ESKAPE microorganisms and may not provide currently relevant information[120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review ofin vitrodata in the literature from the 21st century

Čivljak

Giannella

Bella

et al. 2014

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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The widespread use of antibiotics has been associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria. 'ESKAPE' (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acintobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens play a major role in the rapidly changing scenario of antimicrobial resistance in the 21st century. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic that was abandoned in developed countries due to its association with fatal aplastic anemia. However, it is still widely used in the developing world. In light of the emerging problem of multi-drug resistant pathogens, its role should be reassessed. Our paper reviews in vitro data on the activity of chloramphenicol against ESKAPE pathogens. Susceptibility patterns for Gram-positives were good, although less favorable for Gram-negatives. However, in combination with colistin, chloramphenicol was found to have synergistic activity. The risk-benefit related to chloramphenicol toxicity has not been analyzed. Therefore, extra precautions should be taken when prescribing this agent.

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Section: Enterobacter Sppmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Data on the activity of chloramphenicol combinations with other antimicrobial agents (cont. [133,134] Penicillin Cellophane transfer technique 20 isolates of S. aureus…”

Section: Mycobacterium Smegmatismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review ofin vitrodata in the literature from the 21st century

Čivljak

Giannella

Bella

et al. 2014

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…Because of this finding, this agent has been most frequently studied in combination with other antibiotics, such as clindamycin (4,18) and spiramycin (11), which proved to be synergistic. The combination of clindamycin and gentamicin has been found to be synergistic by some (5,16) but not by all investigators (10). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(4,5,10,16). A by-product of these studies has been the discovery that some antibiotics act synergistically against B. fragilis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergism between penicillin, clindamycin, or metronidazole and gentamicin against species of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides fragilis groups

Brook¹,

Coolbaugh²,

Walker³

et al. 1984

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Clinical isolates of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides fragilis groups were tested for in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to penicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole, used singly or in combination with gentamicin. The in vitro tests consisted of determinations of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) carried out with or without constant amounts of gentamicin. When used alone, gentamicin had negligible effects on the bacteria but significantly reduced the MICs of penicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 11, 10, and 3, of the 15 strains of the B. melaninogenicus group, respectively. The 15 strains of the B. fragilis group were all P-lactamase producers and were highly resistant to penicillin or the combination of penicillin and gentamicin. However, gentamicin reduced the MICs of clindamycin and metronidazole against 1 and 7 strains of this group, respectively. The in vivo tests were carried out in mice and consisted of measurements of the effects of the antimicrobial agents on the sizes and bacterial content of abscesses induced by subcutaneous injection of bacterial suspensions. This work was prompted by the need to extend the abovedescribed observations on drug synergism to other antibacterial combinations and to strains of the B. melaninogenicus group. We show that, with many strains, gentamicin, which by itself has a negligible inhibitory effect on Bacteroides spp., is very effective in combination with penicillin, clindamycin, or metronidazole in reducing the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these antimicrobial agents and in suppressing abscess formation in infected mice.(The experiments conducted herein were carried out in accordance with the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care Tables 1 and 2). All strains were encapsulated as confirmed by the Hiss staining method (14) and by electron microscopy after staining with ruthenium red (9). Stock suspensions were stored in skim milk at -70°C. For the experiments described here, the bacteria were grown anaer- obically on blood agar plates with a brain heart infusion base (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) for a total of two or three passages after isolation.Animals. Male Swiss albino mice weighing 20 to 25 g each were obtained from the Naval Medical Research Institute mouse colony. The mice were raised under conventional conditions. Antimicrobial agents. The following antimicrobial agents, obtained from the indicated sources, were used: penicillin G, E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc., Princeton, N.J.; clindamycin, The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.; metronidazole, G. D. Searle & Co., Chicago, Ill.; and gentamicin, Schering Corp., Kenilworth, Ill. MICs were determined by the agar dilution method (19) with a series of nine concentrations of each agent. Each experiment was repeated twice. For penicillin G, the concentrations were 12, 6, 3, 1.5, 0.75, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 ,ug/ml, except that concentrations of as high as 64 pug/ml were used in preliminary tests with strains of the B.fragilis group. For clindamycin, metroni...

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Lincomycin, clindamycin and their applications

Spížek

Řezanka

2004

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

165

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Lincomycin and clindamycin are lincosamide antibiotics used in clinical practice. Both antibiotics are bacteriostatic and inhibit protein synthesis in sensitive bacteria. They may even be bactericidal at the higher concentrations that can be reached in vivo. Clindamycin is usually more active than lincomycin in the treatment of bacterial infections, in particular those caused by anaerobic species; and it can also be used for the treatment of important protozoal diseases, e.g. malaria, most effectively in combination with primaquine. Resistance to lincomycin and clindamycin may be caused by methylation of 23S ribosomal RNA, modification of the antibiotics by specific enzymes or active efflux from the periplasmic space.

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Bactericidal Activity of the Combinations of Gentamicin with Clindamycin or Chloramphenicol Against Species of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review ofin vitrodata in the literature from the 21st century

Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review ofin vitrodata in the literature from the 21st century

Synergism between penicillin, clindamycin, or metronidazole and gentamicin against species of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides fragilis groups

Lincomycin, clindamycin and their applications

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